Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between type and quality of housing and childhood asthma in an urban community with a wide gradient of racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and housing characteristics. A parent-report questionnaire was distributed in 26 randomly selected New York City public elementary schools. Type of housing was categorized using the participants’ addresses and the Building Information System, a publicly-accessible database from the New York City Department of Buildings. Type of housing was associated with childhood asthma with the highest prevalence of asthma found in public housing (21.8%). Residents of all types of private housing had lower odds of asthma than children living in public housing. After adjusting for individual- and community-level demographic and economic factors, the relationship between housing type and childhood asthma persisted, with residents of private family homes having the lowest odds of current asthma when compared to residents of public housing (odds ratio: 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.22, 1.21). Factors associated with housing quality explain some of the clustering of asthma in public housing. For example, the majority (68.7%) of public housing residents reported the presence of cockroaches, compared to 21% of residents of private houses. Reported cockroaches, rats, and water leaks were also independently associated with current asthma. These findings suggest differential exposure and asthma risk by urban housing type. Interventions aimed at reducing these disparities should consider multiple aspects of the home environment, especially those that are not directly controlled by residents.
Abbreviations
- OR:
-
Odds ratio
- CI:
-
Confidence interval
- ETS:
-
Environmental tobacco smoke
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants to the Mount Sinai Center for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention (NIEHS/EPA Children’s Center grants ES09584 and R827039, ES/CA12770) and by the NIEHS Short-term Training Programs (ES007298 and 5 T35 ES007269-19). Additional support was provided by the Environmental Justice and Healthy Communities Program of the Ford Foundation.
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Northridge, J., Ramirez, O.F., Stingone, J.A. et al. The Role of Housing Type and Housing Quality in Urban Children with Asthma. J Urban Health 87, 211–224 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-009-9404-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-009-9404-1