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Indigenous entrepreneurship as a research field: developing a definitional framework from the emerging canon

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Abstract

This study defines Indigenous entrepreneurship as a distinct disciplinary field of science and charts for it a pre-paradigmatic framework. A strategy of literature search and examination was utilized to argue that Indigenous entrepreneurship is sufficiently distinguished from both mainstream entrepreneurship and other social and management sciences to constitute a legitimate, well-defined sub-field of research in its own right. The study provides both a formal definition of the field and diagrammatic framework to describe it.

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Notes

  1. The codified matrix can be requested by contacting the authors directly. Given a space-constrained editorial choice, we preferred to offer the full citation details of the works constituting the extant canon, arranged under the most important headings of the codification matrix. See Appendix 1.

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Acknowledgements

We offer special thanks to Dr. Robert Anderson of the Hill/Levene School of Business at the University of Regina for providing critical feedback and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Community, Faculty of Business and Law, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia

    Kevin Hindle & Peter Moroz

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  1. Kevin Hindle
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Correspondence to Peter Moroz.

Additional information

As a mark of respect to all Indigenous peoples, the word “Indigenous” is used with a capital “I” throughout this paper.

APPENDIX ONE: ARRANGED INDIGENOUS ENTREPRENEURSHIP CANON (69 works)

APPENDIX ONE: ARRANGED INDIGENOUS ENTREPRENEURSHIP CANON (69 works)

Appendix one consists of a classified reference set of the 69 works that make up the Indigenous entrepreneurship canon.

F1: Works that specifically attempt to conceptually map or define the field

Chamard, J. and M. Christie 1993. Entrepreneurial development in Aboriginal communities in Australia and Canada. Small Enterprise Development , 4(1): 27–33.

Dana, L. P. 1995. Entrepreneurship in a Remote Sub Arctic Community. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 20(1): 57–73.

Foley, D. 2000. Successful Indigenous Australian Entrepreneurs: A Case Study Analysis. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit Research Report Series, University of Queensland: Vol. 4.

Galbraith, C. S., C. L. Rodriguez, et al. 2006. False Myths and Indigenous Entrepreneurial Strategies, Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 19(1).

Hindle, K. and Lansdowne, M. 2005. Brave spirits on new paths: toward a globally relevant paradigm of Indigenous entrepreneurship research. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 18(2): 11.

Kayseas, B., Hindle, K., Anderson, R. 2007. An Empirically Justified Theory of Successful Indigenous Entrepreneurship. Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, 3rd International Entrepreneurship and Research Exchange. Brisbane, Australia, February 6–9, 2007. Brisbane, Australia.

Peredo, A. M., Anderson, R., et al. 2004. Toward a Theory of Indigenous Entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business , 1(1): 20.

Peredo, A. M. and Anderson, R. 2007. Indigenous Entrepreneurship Research: Themes and Variations. Developmental Entrepreneurship: Adversity, Risk and Uncertainty. C. S. a. C. Galbraith. Oxford, JAI Press/Elsevier.

F2: Works that consider, discuss or present data on Indigenous entrepreneurship

Anderson, R., B., L. P. Dana, et al. 2006. Indigenous land rights, entrepreneurship, and economic development in Canada: ‘Opting-in’ to the global economy. Journal of World Business, 41(1): 45.

Anderson, R. B., Warren Weir, Benson Honig, Leo Paul Dana, & Ana Maria Peredo 2007. Business Creation, Growth and Survival in Indigenous Communities in Canada: The Saskatchewan Experience. International Handbook of Research On Indigenous Entrepreneurship, L. P. D. a. R. B. Anderson. Cheltenham (UK). Edward Elgar.

Anderson, R. B. and L. P. Dana 2007. A Multidisciplinary Theory of Entrepreneurship as a Function of Cultural Perceptions of Opportunity. The Handbook Of Indigenous Entrepreneurship, L. P. Dana. London, Edward Elgar.

Berkes, F. and T. Adhikari 2006. Development and conservation: indigenous businesses and the UNDP Equator Initiative. Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business , 3(6): 20.

Dana, L. P., Dana, T., and Anderson, R. 2005. A Theory-based Empirical Study of Entrepreneurship in Iqaluit, Nunavut. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 18(2): 10.

Foley, D. 2003. An examination of Indigenous Australian entrepreneurs. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 8(2): 133.

Foley, D. 2006. Indigenous Australian Entrepreneurs: Not all Community Organizations, not all in the Outback. Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research; Australian National University. Discussion Paper No. 279.

Furneaux, C. 2007. Indigenous Entrepreneurship: An Analysis of Capital Restraints. AGSE 2007. Brisbane, Swinburne University of Technology: Melbourne.

Hailey, J. 1992. The politics of entrepreneurship—affirmative-action policies for indigenous entrepreneurs. Small Enterprise Development, 3(2): 4–14.

Hindle, K. 2005. The renaissance of Indigenous entrepreneurship in Australia: dream or educational possibility? A theory of Indigenous entrepreneurship: the Edward Elgar handbook of Indigenous enterprise . L. P. Dana. London, Edward Elgar.

Lindsay, N., Lindsay, W., Jordaan, A., Hindle, K. 2006. Opportunity recognition attitudes of nascent indigenous entrepreneurs. Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 3(1): 20.

Lindsay, N. J. 2005. Toward A Cultural Model of Indigenous Entrepreneurial Attitude. Academy of Marketing Science Review, Vol. 5(1) pp.1–17.

Lituchy, T. R., Reavley, M. A., et al. 2006. Success factors of Aboriginal women entrepreneurs: a study of Mohawk community in Canada. Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business , 3(6): 18.

Meis-Mason, A., Dana, L. and Anderson, R. 2007. Building Local Capacity to Compete Globally—A Case Study of The Inuit Commercial Caribou Harvest and Related Agri-Food Industries in Nunavut. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business .

Wuttunee, W. 2007. Shattering Misconceptions. International Handbook of Research on Indigenous Entrepreneurs, (Eds) Dana, L. and Anderson, R.B., Cheltenham (UK). Edward Elgar.

Zapalska, A., Perry, G., Dabb, H. 2003. Maori Entrepreneurship in the Contemporary Business Environment. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 8(3): 219.

F3: Works that belong to the field as defined by works coded from F1 and F2

Anderson, R., B. 1997. Corporate/indigenous partnerships in economic development: The first nations in Canada. World Development, 25(9): 1483.

Anderson, R. 2002. Entrepreneurship and Aboriginal Canadians: A Case Study in Economic Development. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 7(1): 21.

Anderson, R. B. and Giberson, R. 2003. Aboriginal Economic Development in Canada: Thoughts on Current Theory and Practise. Ethnic Entrepreneurship: Structure and Process , C. S. a. C. Galbraith. Oxford, JAI Press/Elsevier:

Anderson Robert B, Kevin Hindle, Leo Paul Dana and Robert Kayseas. 2004. Indigenous Land Claims and Economic Development: The Canadian Experience. American Indian Quarterly 28(3&4): 634–648.

Anderson Robert B, Ron Camp II, et al. 2005. Indigenous Land Rights in Canada: The Foundation for Development? Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2(2): 30.

Anderson Robert B., Scott MacAulay, Wanda Wuttunee. & Warren Weir 2006. BuildingAboriginal Economic Development Capacity: The Council for the Advancement of Native Development Officers. The Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship Education editor Alain Fayolle. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham (UK): 185–195.

Anderson, R., Honig, B., Peredo, A.M. 2006. Communities in the new Economy: Where Social Entrepreneurship and Indigenous Entrepreneurship Meet. Entrepreneurship as Social Change, Steyeart and Hjorth (eds). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Aspaas, H. R. 2004. Minority women’s microenterprises in rural areas of the United States of America: African American, Hispanic American and Native American case studies. GeoJournal, 61(3): 281.

Cachon, J.-C. 2000. Aboriginal entrepreneurship on reserves: some empirical data from Northern Ontario and considerations following the Supreme Court of Canada decision on the Delgamuukuw vs British Columbia appeal. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 15(3): 2.

Camp II, R. D., Robert B. Anderson, et al. 2005. Aboriginal Land Rights and Development: Corporations and Trust. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2(2): 15.

Cardamone, M. and R. Rentschler 2006. Indigenous innovators: the role of web marketing for cultural micro-enterprises. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 11(4): 347.

Chen, J., L. J. Parker, et al. 2006. Technopreneurship in Native American businesses: current issues and future with a case study. Int. J. of Management and Enterprise Development, 3(1/2): 70–84.

Charlotte, P. 2007. Focus on the Ngai Tahu tribe. Int. J. Entrepreneurship and Small Business, xx(xx): 1–9. (forthcoming).

Chiste, K. 1996. Aboriginal Small Business and Entrepreneurship in Canada, Captus Press.

Cornell, S. and Kalt, J. P. 2000. Where’s the glue? Institutional and cultural foundations of American Indian economic development. Journal of Socio-Economics, 29(5): 443.

Cornell, S. and Kalt, J.P. 1998. Sovereignty and Nation Building: The development challenge in Indian Country. American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 4.

Dana, L. P. 1996. Self-employment in the Canadian sub-Arctic: An exploratory study. Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l’Administration, 13(1): 65.

Dana, L. P. and Dana, T. 2005. Expanding the scope of methodologies used in entrepreneurship research. Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2(1): 79–88.

Dodson, M. and Smith, D.E. 2003. Governance for sustainable development: Strategic issues and principles for Indigenous Australian communities, The Australian National University.

Duffy, D. and Jerry, S. 1998. An assessment of Native American economic development: Putting culture and sovereignty back in the models. Studies in Comparative International Development , 32(4): 52.

Fowler, J. 2007. Maori land claims: a historical perspective. Int. J. Entrepreneurship and Small Business , xx(x).

Frederick, H. and Foley, D. 2006. Indigenous Populations as Disadvantaged Entrepreneurs in Australia and New Zealand. The International Indigenous Journal of Entrepreneurship, Advancement, Strategy and Education, 1(1): 16.

Fuller, D. and Eileen, C. 2003. Indigenous small enterprise in Northern Australia: A case study of the Warai. Journal of Small Business Management, 41(1): 108.

Galbraith, C., S. and Curt, H.S. 2003. Expectations of Indian Reservation Gaming: Entrepreneurial activity within a context of traditional land tenure and wealth acquisition. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 8(2): 93.

Gombay, N. 2006. From subsistence to commercial fishing in Northern Canada. British Food Journal, 108(7): 502.

Hindle, K. 2005. Contrasting Indigenous entrepreneurship in Australia and Canada: how three applied research perspectives can improve policy and programs. Small Enterprise Research .

Hindle, K., Anderson, R., et al. 2005. Relating Practice to Theory in Indigenous Entrepreneurship: A Pilot Investigation of the Kitsaki Partnership Portfolio. American Indian Quarterly, 29(1/2): 1.

Jacobsen, B., C. Jones, et al. 2005. Indigenous economic development policy: A discussion of theoretical foundations. Paper presented to the Social Change in the 21st Century Conference, Brisbane: Australia, Centre for Social Change Research, Queensland University of Technology.

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Keelan, T. J. and Woods, C. 2006. Māuipreneur: understanding Māori entrepreneurship. International Indigenous Journal of Entrepreneurship, Advancement, Strategy and Education, 1(1).

Loizides, S. and Anderson, R. B. 2006. Growth of Enterprises in Aboriginal Communities. Conference Board of Canada.

Maritz, A. 2006. Indigenous Enterprise in the Social Context: The New Zealand Indigenous Entrepreneur. The International Indigenous Journal of Entrepreneurship, Advancement, Strategy and Education, 1(1): 1–15.

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Peredo, A. M. and Chrisman, J.J. 2006. Toward a theory of community-based enterprise. The Academy of Management Review, 31(2): 309(20).

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Hindle, K., Moroz, P. Indigenous entrepreneurship as a research field: developing a definitional framework from the emerging canon. Int Entrep Manag J 6, 357–385 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-009-0111-x

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