Abstract
This paper uses insights from the literature on social capital and from the sociology of values to explain dependency of immigrants’ involvement in associations depend on the norms of participation in their country of origin as well as the norms of their host countries. The argument is that changing the social context should lead to changing participative behaviours. I use cross-classified multilevel models on the EVS 2008 data to test if average levels of participation in the host and in the origin society determine immigrants’ propensity to become member in voluntary organizations. The findings point to a partial assimilation of immigrants. Their behaviours, while influenced by their culture of origin, are mainly shaped by their country of residence. The relation is influenced by the differences between the patterns of participation in the two cultures, the age when migrating and the dependency of the origin on remittances.
Résumé
Cet article emprunte des idées aux recherches sur le capital social et à la sociologie des valeurs afin d’expliquer comment l’engagement des immigrants dans des associations dépend des normes de participation dans leur pays d’origine ainsi que des normes dans leur pays d’accueil. L’argument est que le changement de contexte social devrait conduire à un changement des comportements participatifs. J’applique des modèles à niveaux multiples et classement croisé aux données EVS de 2008 afin de tester si les niveaux moyens de participation dans les sociétés d’accueil et d’origine déterminent la propension des immigrants à devenir membres d’organisations bénévoles. Les résultats mettent en évidence une assimilation partielle des immigrants. Leurs comportements, bien qu’influencés par leur culture d’origine, sont principalement déterminés par leur pays de résidence. La relation est influencée par les différences entre les types de participation dans les deux cultures, l’âge au moment de la migration et la dépendance de l’origine sur l’envoi de fonds.
Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stützt sich auf die Erkenntnisse aus der Literatur zu sozialem Kapital sowie auf die Erkenntnisse der Soziologie der Werte und erläutert, wie eine Involvierung von Einwanderern in Vereinen von den Beteiligungsnormen in ihrem Herkunftsland sowie von den Normen ihres Gastlandes abhängig ist. Es wird behauptet, dass eine Veränderung des sozialen Umfelds zu einer Änderung der Beteiligung führen sollte. Ich wende hierbei kreuzklassifizierte mehrstufige Modelle auf die in der EVS 2008 erhobenen Daten an, um zu untersuchen, ob die Neigung der Einwanderer zu einer Mitgliedschaft in gemeinnützigen Organisationen von dem durchschnittlichen Beteiligungsgrad in der Gesellschaft des Gastlandes und des Herkunftslandes bestimmt wird. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine teilweise Anpassung der Einwanderer hin. Auch wenn ihr Verhalten von der Kultur ihres Herkunfstlandes beeinflusst wird, so wird es doch hauptsächlich von dem Land, in dem sie leben, geprägt. Dabei haben die Unterschiede zwischen den Beteiligungsmustern in den beiden Kulturen, das Alter zum Zeitpunkt der Einwanderung und die Abhängigkeit von Geldüberweisungen Einfluss auf das Verhältnis.
Resumen
El presente documento utiliza percepciones de la literatura sobre el capital social y de la sociología de los valores para explicar que la dependencia de la implicación de los inmigrantes en asociaciones depende de las normas de participación en su país de origen, así como también de las normas de sus países anfitriones. La hipótesis es que el cambio del contexto social debe llevar al cambio de los comportamientos participativos. He utilizado modelos multinivel y multiclasificación en los datos de la EVS 2008 (Estudios de Valores Europeos) para probar si los niveles promedio de participación en la sociedad de origen y en la sociedad anfitriona determinan la propensión de los inmigrantes a convertirse en miembros de organizaciones de voluntariado. Los hallazgos señalan una asimilación parcial de los inmigrantes. Sus comportamientos, aunque se ven influidos por su cultura de origen, son moldeados principalmente por su país de residencia. La relación se ve influida por las diferencias entre los patrones de participación en las dos culturas, la edad cuando se emigra y la dependencia del origen en las remesas.
Chinese
本篇论文运用社会资本文献和价值社会学的结论,阐述移民家属在多大程度上参与社团取决于其原籍国的规范和东道国的规范。本文的论点是,社会环境的变化会导致参与行为的变化。笔者在 EVS 2008 数据中运用交叉分类的多层模型,以评估东道国和原籍国的平均社团参与水平是否决定了移民喜欢加入志愿社团的倾向。调查结论表明移民出现部分同化。虽然移民的行为受原籍国文化的影响,但是主要影响因素为东道国的文化。影响参与行为受影响程度的因素包括两种文化中参与模式的差异、移民时的年龄以及接收侨汇的原籍国亲属。
Arabic
يستخدم هذا البحث إختراق الأدب في رأس المال الإجتماعي و من علم الإجتماع للقيم لشرح إعتماد مشاركة المهاجرين في الجمعيات يعتمد على معايير المشاركة في بلدهم الأصلي و كذلك معايير البلاد المضيفة لهم. الجدل هو أن تغيير السياق الإجتماعي يجب أن يؤدي إلى تغيير سلوكيات المشاركة. يمكنني إستخدام نماذج عبر سرية متعددة المستويات على بيانات (2008EVS) لإختبار إذا كان متوسط مستويات المشاركة في المضيف و المجتمع الأصلي يحدد ميل المهاجرين ليصبحوا أعضاء في المنظمات التطوعية. النتائج تشير إلى إستيعاب جزئي للمهاجرين. سلوكهم٬ في حين يتأثر بثقافتهم الأصلية٬ يتشكل أساسا˝ ببلد إقامتهم. العلاقة تتأثر بالإختلافات بين أنماط المشاركة في الثقافتين٬ العمر عند الهجرة و الإعتماد على بلدهم الأصلي في التحويلات المالية.
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Notes
I remind that ACO and ACH are derived using the 1999 and 2005 value surveys along with the 2008 EVS wave.
A negative gap of 0.2 means that ACO-ACH = −0.2, that is the average number of types of association in which one is member is with 0.2 lower in the society of origin as compared to host.
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Acknowledgments
Working on this paper was supported by CNCS grants PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0210 and PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0669. The author is grateful to Monica Şerban for discussing initial versions of the paper, and Mălina Voicu and two anonymous reviewers for later comments.
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Voicu, B. Participative Immigrants or Participative Cultures? The Importance of Cultural Heritage in Determining Involvement in Associations. Voluntas 25, 612–635 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-013-9355-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-013-9355-8