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Catalytic Mononitration of Phenol Using iso-Propyl Nitrate Over Zeolite Catalysts

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Abstract

Mononitration of phenol was investigated using iso-propyl nitrate as a nitrating agent over various zeolite catalysts under different reaction conditions. Zeolite Hβ with a low Si/Al ratio (12.5) was found to be an active catalyst for nitration of phenol under reflux conditions in dichloroethane, producing 2- and 4-nitrophenols in a ratio of around 1:1. However, zeolites H-mordenite, HY and Hβ (with high Si/Al ratio—150 or 300) gave 2-nitrophenol as the major product (ortho/para ratio = ca. 2–3).

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Acknowledgments

We thank Cardiff University and the Saudi Government for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK

    Keith Smith, Mansour D. Ajarim & Gamal A. El-Hiti

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK

    Christelle Peters

Authors
  1. Keith Smith
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  2. Mansour D. Ajarim
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  3. Gamal A. El-Hiti
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  4. Christelle Peters
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Correspondence to Keith Smith.

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Smith, K., Ajarim, M.D., El-Hiti, G.A. et al. Catalytic Mononitration of Phenol Using iso-Propyl Nitrate Over Zeolite Catalysts. Top Catal 52, 1696–1700 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-009-9304-3

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