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A comparison of present-day and pre-industrial cladoceran assemblages from softwater Nova Scotia (Canada) lakes with different regional acidification histories

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Abstract

We compared cladoceran assemblages in modern and pre-industrial sediments from cores taken in 48 softwater lakes located in four main regions of Nova Scotia (Canada) to evaluate the impacts of acidification and other recent environmental stressors. Lakes in Kejimkujik National Park showed significant increases in Holopedium relative abundances and significant decreases in Alona and other chydorids since pre-industrial times, which appear to be related to declines in pH and calcium (Ca) concentrations caused by acidic deposition. Lakes in Bridgewater also showed a significant decrease in Alona, as well as a significant increase in macrothricid (Acantholeberis and Ophryoxus) taxa that cannot be explained by declines in pH, although declines in [Ca] have been recorded. Lakes in Yarmouth did not show any significant regional changes in major cladoceran species groups. Still, pre-industrial assemblages in these lakes significantly differed from modern assemblages, with assemblage changes being lake-specific and likely related to interactions between local and regional stressors acting on individual lakes. Finally, lakes in Cape Breton Highlands National Park, located on the taiga plateau, have received historically lower levels of sulphate deposition relative to other regions in the province, and recorded a significant decrease in Alona similar to Bridgewater lakes. The province-wide decrease in Alona across different acid deposition rates suggests that limnological changes related to climate warming may be responsible. Overall, this study shows that acidification history is an important predictor of cladoceran assemblage changes since pre-industrial times in Nova Scotia lakes, although multiple stressors result in complex Cladocera responses in some regions.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge B. Ginn, M. Rate, C. Chan, B. Keddy, B. Keatley, J. Hawryshyn, J. Thienpont, and A. Jeziorski for participation in fieldwork, and the staff at Kejimkujik and Cape Breton Highlands National Parks for providing logistical support for fieldwork. We thank Tom Clair and Ian Dennis of Environment Canada (Atlantic Region) for providing water chemistry data. This study was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant to JPS, and an NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship D to JBK. We thank A. Jeziorski and J. Kurek, as well as two journal reviewers and the editors, for providing helpful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript.

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  1. Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada

    Jennifer B. Korosi & John P. Smol

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  1. Jennifer B. Korosi
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Correspondence to Jennifer B. Korosi.

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Korosi, J.B., Smol, J.P. A comparison of present-day and pre-industrial cladoceran assemblages from softwater Nova Scotia (Canada) lakes with different regional acidification histories. J Paleolimnol 47, 43–54 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-011-9547-4

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