Abstract
Blowflies use discrete and ephemeral substrates to feed their larva. After they run out of food, the larvae begin to disperse in order to find adequate places for pupation or additional food sources, a process named post-feeding larval dispersal. Briefly state the aspects and why they are important were studied in a circular arena of 25 cm in diameter and covered with wood shavings to a height of 40 cm allowing post-feeding dispersal from the center of the arena. Larvae of both Chrysomya albiceps and C. megacephala were used in five experiments for each species. For each pupa location, determined as distance from the center, depth, and weight were evaluated. Statistical tests were done to verify the relation between weight, depth and distance for pupation and for larvae of two species shows that the media distance is significantly different for two species and for C. megacephala this distance is greater than the distance for C. albiceps. The depth too is different for each species, as the larvae of C. megacephala buries deeper than C. albiceps. With relation of weight, there is no statistic evidence that have any difference between weights for pupation for each species.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atkinson, W. D., and Shorrocks, B. (1981). Competition on a divided and ephemeral resource: A simulation model. J. Anim. Ecol. 50: 461–471.
Backer, K. (1961). An analysis of factors which determine success in competition for food among larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. Arch. Need. Zool. 14: 200–281.
Backer, K. (1969). Selection for rate of growth and its influence on competitive ability of larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. Neth J. Zool. 19: 541–595.
Bassanezi, R. C., Leite, M. B. F., Godoy, W. A. C., Von Zuben, C. J., Von Zuben, F. J., and Reis, S. F. (1997). Diffusion model applied to postfeeding larval dispersal in blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 92: 281–286.
Boldrini, J. L., Bassanezi, R. C., Moretti, A. C., Von Zuben, C. J., Godoy, W. A. C., Von Zuben, F. J., and Reis, S. F. (1997). Non- local interactions and the dynamics of dispersal in immature insects. J. Theor. Biol. 185: 523–531.
de Jong, G. (1976). A model of competition for food: I. Frequency-dependent viabilities. Am. Nat. 110: 1013–1027.
de Jong, G. (1979). The influence of distribution of juveniles over patches of food on the dynamics of a population. Neth. J. Zool. 29: 33–51.
Faria, L. D. B., Orsi, L., Trinca, L. A., and Godoy, W. A. C. (1999). Larval predation by Chrysomya albiceps on Cochliomyia macellaria, Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomyaputoria. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 90: 149–155.
Faria, L. D. B., and Godoy, W. A. C. (2001). Prey choice by facultative predator larvae of Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 96: 875–878.
Furlanetto, S. M. P., Campos, M. L. C., Harsi, C. M., Buralli, G. M., and Ishihata, G. K. (1984). Microrganismos enteropatogenicos em moscas africanas pertencentes ao genero Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) no Brasil. Rev. Microb. 15: 170–174.
Gaines, S. D., and Bertness (1993). The dynamics of juvenile dispersal: Why field ecologists must integrate. Ecology 74: 2430–2435.
Godoy, W. A. C., Fowler, H. G., Von Zuben, C. J., Ziti, L., and Ribeiro, O. B. (1995). Larval dispersal in Chrysomya megacephala, C. putoria and Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae). J. Appl. Entomol. 119: 263–266.
Godoy, W. A. C., Reis, S. F., and Von Zuben, C. J. (1996). Larval dispersal in Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya putoria and Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Ecological implications of aggregation behavior. J. Appl. Entomol. 120: 423–426.
Gomes, L., and Von Zuben, C. J. (2003a). Distribuiçã larval radial pós- alimentar em Chrysomya albiceps (Wied.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Profundidade, distância e peso de enterramento para pupacao. Entomol. Vect. 10: 211–222.
Gomes, L., and Von Zuben, C. J. (2003b). Dispersão larval pós-alimentar em Chrysomya megacephala (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Profundidade, Distância e Peso de enterramento para pupariação. Biosci. J. 18: 67–76.
Gomes, L., Von Zuben, C. J., and Govone, J. S. (2002). Comportamento da dispersão larval radial pós-alimentar em moscas-varejeiras do gênero Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Busca por novas fontes de’alimento. Entomol. Vect. 9: 115–132.
Gomes, L., Von Zuben, C. J., and Sanches, M. R. (2003). Estudo da dispersão larval radial pós-alimentar em Chrysomya megacephala (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 47: 229–234.
Greenberg, B. (1990). Behavior of postfeeding larvae of some Calliphoridae and a muscid (Diptera). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 83: 1210–1214.
Guimarães, J. H., Prado, A. P., and Linhares, A. X. (1978). Three newly introduced blowfly species in Southern Brazil (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 22: 53–60.
Guimarães, J. H., Prado, A. P., and Buralli, G. M. (1979). Dispersal and distribution of three newly introduced species of Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy in Brazil (Diptera, Calliphoridae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 23: 245–255.
Guimarães, J. H., Papavero, N., and Prado, A. P. (1983). As miíases na regiao neotropical (identificação, biologia, bibliografia). Rev. Bras. Zool. 1: 239–416.
Hanski, I. (1987). Carrion fly community dynamics: Patchiness, seasonality and coexistence. Ecol. Entomol. 12: 257–266.
Hengeveld, R. (1989). Dynamics of Biological Invasions, Chapman & Hall, New York.
Imbiriba, A. S., Izutani, D. T., Milhoreto, I. T., and Luz, E. (1977). Introdução da Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann, 1818) na região Neotropical (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Arq. Biol. Tecnol. 20: 35–39.
Ives, A. R. (1989). The optimal clutch size of insects when many females oviposit per patch. Am. Nat. 133: 671–687.
Ives, A. R. (1991). Aggregation and coexistence in a carrion fly community. Ecol. Manage. 61: 75–94.
Kocarek, P. (2001). Diurnal patterns of postfeeding larval dispersal in carrion blowflies (Diptera, Calliphoridae). Eur. J. Entomol. 98: 117–119.
Legner, E. F. (1977). Temperature, humidity and depth of habitat influencing host destruction and fecundity of muscoid fly parasites. Entomophaga 22: 199–206.
Levot, G. W., Brown, K. R., and Shipp, E. (1979). Larval growth of some calliphorid and sarcophagid Diptera. Bull. Entomol. Res. 69: 469–475.
Lima, M. L. P. S., and Luz, E. (1991). Espécies exóticas de Chrysomya (Diptera, Calliphoridae) como veiculadoras de enterobactérias patogênicas em Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Acta Biol. Paraná. 20: 61–83.
Linhares, A. X. (1988). The gonotrophic cycle of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera, Calliphoridae) in the laboratory. Rev. Bras. Entmol. 32: 383–392.
Lomnicki, A. (1988). Population Ecology of Individuals, Princeton Press, Princeton, 233 pp.
Peschke, K., Krapf, D., and Fuldner, D. (1987). Ecological separation, functional relationships, and limiting resources in a carrion insect community. Zool. Jb. Sys. 114: 241–265.
Reis, S. F., Stangenhaus, G., Godoy, W. A. C., Von Zuben, C. J., and Ribeiro, O. B. (1994). Variação em caracteres bionõmicos em função de densidade larval em Chrysomya megacephala e Chrysomya putoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 38: 33–34.
Smith, K. G. V. (1986). A Manual of Forensic Entomology, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 475 pp.
Ullyett, G. C. (1950). Competition for food and allied phenomena in sheep-blowfly populations. Philip. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B234: 77–174.
Von Zuben, C. J., Bassanezi, R. C., Reis, S. F., Godoy, W. A. C., and Zuben, F. J. V. (1996). Theoretical approaches to forensic entomology: I. Mathematical model of postfeeding larval dispersal. J. Appl. Entomol. 120: 379–382.
Wells, J. D., and Greenberg, B. (1992). Interaction between Chrysomya rufifacies and Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae): The possible consequences of an invasion. Bull. Entomol. Res. 82: 133–137.
Wiens, J. A. (1976). Population responses to patchy environments. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 7: 81–120.
Zar, J. H. (1999). Biostatistical Analysis, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Zumpt, F. (1965). Myiasis in Man and Animals in the Old World, Butterworths, London.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gomes, L., Sanches, M.R. & Von Zuben, C.J. Dispersal and Burial Behavior in Larvae of Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera, Calliphoridae). J Insect Behav 18, 281–292 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-005-0480-0
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-005-0480-0