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Mapping the change of coral reefs using remote sensing and in situ measurements: a case study in Pangkajene and Kepulauan Regency, Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia

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Abstract

As elsewhere in Indonesia, local inhabitants in the Pangkajene and Kepulauan (PANGKEP) Regency, Spermonde Archipelago area and along the south-west coast of Sulawesi traditionally regard the coral reefs as their livelihood source. Since human activities as well as natural disturbances pose major threats to the coral reefs, these livelihoods may also be at risk. Currently, no comprehensive information on the status and condition of coral reefs in this area is available for this resource management. We determined the changes of coral reef habitat over a period of 20 years from 1994 to 2014 using a satellite Landsat multi-temporal image substantiated with in situ measurement data collected in 2014. The spectral value of coral reefs was extracted from multi-temporal Landsat imagery data, while the diffuse attenuation coefficient of water was obtained by using statistical analysis between the ratio of live coral cover and the spectral value of the visible bands. By using the unsupervised classification integrated with the data ground truth, it is stated that there has been a decline in live coral cover over a period of 20 years from 7716 ha in 1994 to 4236 ha in 2014, with a degradation rate of 174 ha/year. Based on the results, the ratio of the coral cover in the coral reef transects varied from the average of 24% for live corals to 96% for coral rubbles, implying the degraded status of coral reefs in the study area.

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Acknowledgements

The lead author is grateful to the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education Scholarship (LPDP), Ministry of Finance of Indonesia for funding of this research. This study was conducted under the framework of the Precise Impact Assessments on Climate Change of the Program for Risk Information on Climate Change (SOUSEI Program) supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in Japan (MEXT).

Author contributions

La Ode Muhammad Yasir Haya was the primary analyst, author, and corresponding author for this work. Masahiko Fujii contributed as a supervisor and in revision of the paper.

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  1. Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan

    La Ode Muhammad Yasir Haya & Masahiko Fujii

  2. Marine Science Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Halu Oleo University, Jln. HEA. Mokodompit, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, 93232, Indonesia

    La Ode Muhammad Yasir Haya

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  1. La Ode Muhammad Yasir Haya
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Yasir Haya, L.O.M., Fujii, M. Mapping the change of coral reefs using remote sensing and in situ measurements: a case study in Pangkajene and Kepulauan Regency, Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. J Oceanogr 73, 623–645 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-017-0422-4

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