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Improved tribo-mechanical behavior of CaP-containing TiO2 layers produced on titanium by shot blasting and micro-arc oxidation

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Abstract

The combination of shot blasting (SB) and micro-arc oxidation (or anodic oxidation—AO) in titanium surfaces was shown to provide enhanced conditions for cell differentiation and osseointegration than those provided by SB or AO alone. This study associated both methods aiming to attain titania layers on Ti with adequate tribo-mechanical features for bone implants. SB was performed using alumina particles, and titania layers were grown by AO using a CaP-based electrolyte. Mechanical properties and scratch resistance were characterized at nanoscale by instrumented indentation and nanoscratch, and correlated with morphological and microstructural changes (XRD, SEM, EDS, AFM, and profilometry). Analytical methods were employed to correct roughness and substrate effects on the indentation results. CaP-containing TiO2 layers were produced on AO and SB + AO. The latter presented small pore size and inhomogeneous layer thickness and Ca/P ratios, caused by the non-uniform surface straining by SB that affects the oxide growth kinetics in the electrochemical process. Elastic modulus of SB + AO layer (37 GPa) were lower than the AO one (45 GPa); both of them were smaller than bulk Ti (130 GPa) and close to bone values. The hardness profiles of AO and SB + AO were similar to the substrate ones. Because of the improved load bearing capacity and unique layer features, the critical load to remove the SB + AO titania coating in scratch tests was three times as much or higher than in AO. Results indicate improved mechanical biocompatibility and tribological strength of anodic titania layers grown on sand blasted Ti surfaces.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the Institutional Laboratories C-LABMU/UEPG and CME/UFPR, the Neoortho Company for the shot blasting treatments, and the Brazilian funding agencies CNPq and Fundação Araucária.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science (PIPE), Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil

    Eduardo M. Szesz & Gabriel G. de Lima

  2. Department of Physics, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil

    Gelson B. de Souza & Bruno A. da Silva

  3. Department of Physics, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, CP 19044, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil

    Neide K. Kuromoto & Carlos M. Lepienski

Authors
  1. Eduardo M. Szesz
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  2. Gelson B. de Souza
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  3. Gabriel G. de Lima
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  4. Bruno A. da Silva
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  5. Neide K. Kuromoto
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  6. Carlos M. Lepienski
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Correspondence to Gelson B. de Souza.

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Szesz, E.M., de Souza, G.B., de Lima, G.G. et al. Improved tribo-mechanical behavior of CaP-containing TiO2 layers produced on titanium by shot blasting and micro-arc oxidation. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 25, 2265–2275 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-014-5238-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-014-5238-9

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