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Long-term in vivo response to citric acid-based nanocomposites for orthopaedic tissue engineering

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Abstract

The disadvantages of current bone grafts have triggered the development of a variety of natural and synthetic bone substitutes. Previously, we have described the fabrication, characterization, and short-term tissue response of poly(1,8-octanediol-co-citrate) (POC) with 60 weight % hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (POC-HA) at 6 weeks. In order to better understand the clinical potential, longer term effects, and the biodegradation, biocompatibility, and bone regenerative properties of these novel nanocomposites, POC-HA, POC, and poly-L-lactide (PLL) were implanted in osteochondral defects in a rabbit model and assessed at 26 weeks. Explants were stained with Masson Goldner Trichrome and the fibrous capsule and tissue ingrowth measured. In addition, the bone-implant and bone-cartilage response of POC-HA, POC, and PLL were assessed through histomorphometry and histological scoring. Upon histological evaluation, both POC-HA and POC implants were biocompatible, but PLL implants were surrounded by a layer of leukocytes at 26 weeks. In addition, due to the degradation properties of POC-HA, tissue grew into the implant and had the highest area of tissue ingrowth although not statistically significant. Histomorphometric analyses supported a similar osteoid, osteoblast, and trabecular bone surface area among all implants although the fibrous capsule thickness was the largest for POC. Moreover, histological scoring demonstrated comparable scores among all three groups of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. This study provides the long-term bone and cartilage response of novel, citric acid-based nanocomposites and their equivalence to FDA-approved biomaterials. Furthermore, we provide new insights and further discussion of these nanocomposites for orthopaedic applications.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by NIH Grant # 1R21EB007355-01 and the National Science Foundation Career Award given to Dr. Guillermo Ameer. The authors wish to thank Dr. Hongjin Qiu, Dr. Daniel Schwartz, Dr. Scott Yang, and Dr. Duk Hwan Ko for their respective contribution to the project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Room E310, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA

    Eun Ji Chung

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6400 Fannin, Suite 1700, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Pradeep Kodali

  3. Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 710 N. Fairbanks Court, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    William Laskin

  4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Chicago, NorthShore University Health System, 1000 Central St, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA

    Jason L. Koh

  5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Surgery, The Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Chemistry for Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Room E310, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA

    Guillermo A. Ameer

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  1. Eun Ji Chung
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  2. Pradeep Kodali
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Correspondence to Guillermo A. Ameer.

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E. J. Chung and P. Kodali contributed equally to this work.

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10856_2011_4393_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Figure S1 Average a area and b depth of tissue ingrowth into the implant at 52 weeks. Bars represent statistical significance (P < 0.05; N = 3 animals, 9 sections/group; ±S.D. of the mean). (TIFF 53 kb)

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Chung, E.J., Kodali, P., Laskin, W. et al. Long-term in vivo response to citric acid-based nanocomposites for orthopaedic tissue engineering. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 22, 2131–2138 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4393-5

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