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Chemical adsorption of NiO nanostructures on nickel foam-graphene for supercapacitor applications

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Abstract

Few-layer graphene was synthesized on a nickel foam template by chemical vapor deposition. The resulting three-dimensional (3D) graphene was loaded with nickel oxide nanostructures using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction technique. The composites were characterized and investigated as electrode material for supercapacitors. Raman spectroscopy measurements on the sample revealed that the 3D graphene consisted of mostly few layers, while X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of nickel oxide. The electrochemical properties were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiostatic charge–discharge in aqueous KOH electrolyte. The novelty of this study is the use of the 3D porous cell structure of the nickel foam which allows for the growth of highly conductive graphene and subsequently provides support for uniform adsorption of the NiO onto the graphene. The NF-G/NiO electrode material showed excellent properties as a pseudocapacitive device with a high-specific capacitance value of 783 F g−1 at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1. The device also exhibited excellent cycle stability, with 84 % retention of the initial capacitance after 1000 cycles. The results demonstrate that composites made using 3D graphene are versatile and show considerable promise as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.

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Acknowledgements

This study is based on research supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (SARChI-DST) and the National Research Foundation (NRF). Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this study are those of authors and therefore the NRF and DST do not accept any liability with regard thereto. AB thanks University of Pretoria and the NRF for financial support for his study. KM also thanks the NRF for a scarce-skills scholarship. We thank Dr. Patricia Forbes for supplying the nickel foams.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARChI Chair in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa

    A. Bello, M. Fabiane, D. Dodoo-Ahrin & N. Manyala

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa

    K. Makgopa & K. I. Ozoemena

  3. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa

    K. I. Ozoemena

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  1. A. Bello
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  2. K. Makgopa
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  3. M. Fabiane
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  4. D. Dodoo-Ahrin
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  5. K. I. Ozoemena
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  6. N. Manyala
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Correspondence to N. Manyala.

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Bello, A., Makgopa, K., Fabiane, M. et al. Chemical adsorption of NiO nanostructures on nickel foam-graphene for supercapacitor applications. J Mater Sci 48, 6707–6712 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7471-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7471-x

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