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Siberia at the Last Glacial Maximum: Environment and Archaeology

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Journal of Archaeological Research Aims and scope

An Erratum to this article was published on 14 February 2008

Abstract

This article focuses on the presence of humans in Siberia and the Russian Far East at the coldest time of the Late Pleistocene, called the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and dated to c. 20,000–18,000 rcbp. Reconstruction of the LGM environment of Siberia, based on the latest models and compilations, provides a background for human existence in this region. Most of Siberia and the Russian Far East at c. 20,000–18,000 rcbp was covered by tundra and cool steppe, with some forest formations in the river valleys. Climate was much colder and drier than it is today. Eighteen Upper Paleolithic sites in Siberia are radiocarbon dated strictly to the LGM, and at least six of them, located in southern parts of western and eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East, have solid evidence of occupation during that time span. It seems clear that southern Siberia was populated by humans even at the height of the LGM, and that there was no dramatic decline or complete disappearance of humans in Siberia at that time. The degree of human adaptation to periglacial landscapes in the mid-Upper Paleolithic of northern Eurasia was quite high; humans coped with the cold and dry environmental conditions using microblade technology, artificial shelters, tailored clothes, and megafaunal bones as fuel.

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Acknowledgments

I am grateful to colleagues for providing important information and explanations regarding the Upper Paleolithic archaeology of Siberia, especially Vasily N. Zenin (Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk), Sergei A. Vasil’ev (Institute of History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg), and Evgeny M. Ineshin (Irkutsk State Technical University, Irkutsk). Thanks also go to my long-term colleagues Lyobov A. Orlova and Vyacheslav N. Dementiev (Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk) for providing additional information about some 14C dates used in this review and help with preparation of illustrations; to Susan G. Keates (London) for grammar corrections and helpful suggestions; and to five anonymous reviewers for their important comments. Finally, I am pleased that Gary M. Feinman (The Field Museum, Chicago) found my review useful for a scientific audience and supported its release by giving valuable advice and assistance. Linda M. Nicholas (The Field Museum) thoroughly checked the consistency of the manuscript and indicated several flaws, which were fixed. This work was partly funded by grants from different organizations: the Russian Foundation for Basic Sciences (RFFI), Nos. 96-06-80688, 96-05-64837, 99-06-80348, 00-06-80410, 02-06-80282, 03-06-80289, 03-05-64434, 06-06-80258, and 06-06-80108; U.S. National Science Foundation, Nos. EAR95-08413, EAR97-30699, and EAR01-154881; the Fulbright Program, Nos. 21230 (1997) and 27672 (2004); and the International Research and Exchange Board (IREX) (1995; SUNY-Brockport No. 122-0645A), with funds provided by the U.S. Department of State (Title VIII). None of these organizations are responsible for the views expressed here, and any mistakes are my own.

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  1. Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Koptyug Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    Yaroslav V. Kuzmin

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Correspondence to Yaroslav V. Kuzmin.

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An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10814-008-9022-6

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Kuzmin, Y.V. Siberia at the Last Glacial Maximum: Environment and Archaeology. J Archaeol Res 16, 163–221 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-007-9019-6

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