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Pressurized liquids as an alternative green process to extract antiviral agents from the edible seaweed Himanthalia elongata

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Abstract

Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), an environmentally friendly technique, was used to obtain antiviral compounds from the edible seaweed Himanthalia elongata. The antiviral properties of PLE extracts (hexane, ethanol, and water) were evaluated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) at different stages during viral infection. Pre-treatment of Vero cells with 75 μg mL−1 of ethanol extract inhibited virus infection by approximately 90%, whereas the same concentration of water and hexane extracts reduced the virus infectivity to 78% and 70%, respectively. Moreover, ethanol extract was also more effective against HSV-1 intracellular replication than water and hexane extracts. The antiviral activity of water PLE extract was found to correlate with polysaccharides, since the polysaccharide-rich fraction isolated from this extract showed higher antiviral activity than the original water extract. A GC–MS characterization of the hexane and ethanol extracts showed that the antiviral activity of the hexane extract seemed to be related with the presence of fucosterol; meanwhile, in the case of the ethanol extract, other compounds, besides fucosterol, could be involved in this activity. Results demonstrated that PLE was an appropriate technique to obtain antiviral agents from H. elongata. These antiviral compounds were in addition to polysaccharides, which are the antiviral agents usually proposed when studying seaweeds.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been financed by Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (AGL2005-06726-C04), the program CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 (CDS2007-00063), and the regional program ALIBIRD-CM S-0505/AGR-0153 from the Comunidad de Madrid, Spain. M.P. thanks CSIC for her I3P fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 08, 502.2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Ctra. Colmenar Km 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Susana Santoyo, Laura Jaime, Guillermo Reglero & Javier Señorans

  2. Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), c Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Merichel Plaza & Elena Ibañez

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  1. Susana Santoyo
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  2. Merichel Plaza
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  3. Laura Jaime
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  4. Elena Ibañez
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  5. Guillermo Reglero
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  6. Javier Señorans
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Correspondence to Susana Santoyo.

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Santoyo, S., Plaza, M., Jaime, L. et al. Pressurized liquids as an alternative green process to extract antiviral agents from the edible seaweed Himanthalia elongata . J Appl Phycol 23, 909–917 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9611-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9611-x

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