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Life-history traits controlling the survival of Tillaea aquatica: a threatened wetland plant species in intensively managed fishpond landscapes of the Czech Republic

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Abstract

Tillaea aquatica (Crassulaceae) is considered as annual wetland species threatened by changes in land use and progressing eutrophication in large part of its European distribution range. We summarised the historical and recent data on this species, and analysed its distribution and associated habitat changes in the Czech Republic. We used permanent plots as well as seed bank and seed dispersal studies to obtain better insight into the plant’s survival strategy. During the second half of the twentieth century T. aquatica disappeared from most historical localities situated mainly in large fishponds. After 1999, altogether 18 new populations were found in small fry ponds and other fish-farming ponds. The largest populations of Tillaea were found in ponds with long-term bottom exposure where the vegetation of perennial herbs was eliminated by herbicides or grazing. Propagules easily dispersible by water, on gumboots or tyres of vehicles, and long-term soil seed bank also might contribute to persistence of the species in the habitats, diminishing the chance of extinction. As the fishpond management has changed, and so have done the original habitats of Tillaea, the species could survive in habitats different from those in the past. In this article, we suggest management measures aimed at promoting survival of Tillaea under new circumstances.

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Acknowledgments

We thank people from all the fish farms supporting our research. Special thanks go to the staff of Hluboká Fish Farm Cz Ltd. (Rybářství Hluboká Cz s. r. o.), Blatenská Fish Ltd. (Blatenská ryba s. r. o.), Kardašova Řečice Fish Farm Ltd. (Rybářství Kardašova Řečice s. r. o.), and Mariánské Lázně Fish Farm (Rybářství Mariánské Lázně s. r. o.) for long-term co-operation. We also thank Svatava Kubešová, who kindly identified bryophytes in our relevés, and Viera Horáková, Martina Fabšičová and Milan Chytrý for their help with field data sampling. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their critical comments which helped in improving the manuscript. We also greatly appreciate the help of Jonathan Rosenthal and Ladislav Mucina who significantly improved our English. The research was funded from grants nos. KJB600050803 (Grant Agency of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic KŠ, MD), and 206/09/0329 (Czech Science Foundation; KŠ, ZL); and long-term research plans nos. AV0Z60050516 of the Institute of Botany of ASCR (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; KŠ), MK00002327201 of the National Museum (Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic; MD), and MSM 0021622416 of the Faculty of Science, Masaryk University (Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic; ZL).

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  1. Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Kateřina Šumberová

  2. Department of Botany, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 193 00, Praha 9–Horní Počernice, Czech Republic

    Michal Ducháček

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Masaryk University, Poříčí 7, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Zdeňka Lososová

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  1. Kateřina Šumberová
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  2. Michal Ducháček
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  3. Zdeňka Lososová
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Correspondence to Kateřina Šumberová.

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Guest editors: D. Boix, B. Oertli, R. Céréghino, T. Kalettka, J. Biggs & A. P. Hull / Pond Research and Management in Europe—Proceedings of the 4th conference of the European Pond Conservation Network (Berlin 2010)

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Šumberová, K., Ducháček, M. & Lososová, Z. Life-history traits controlling the survival of Tillaea aquatica: a threatened wetland plant species in intensively managed fishpond landscapes of the Czech Republic. Hydrobiologia 689, 91–110 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0857-3

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