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Nutrient flows and balances in urban and peri-urban agroecosystems of Kano, Nigeria

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An Erratum to this article was published on 01 April 2013

Abstract

Nutrient balances are useful indicators to assess the sustainability of farming systems. This study study investigates inflow and outflow of major nutrients in urban and periurban production systems in Kano, Nigeria. To this end, 16 households representing three different urban and peri-urban (UPA) farming systems were studied using the MONQI toolbox (formerly known as NUTMON) to calculate nutrient flows and economic performances. The farm nitrogen (N) balance was positive at 56.6, 67.4 and 56.4 kg farm−1 year−1 for commercial garden and crop-livestock (cGCL), commercial gardening and semi-commercial livestock (cGscL) and commercial livestock subsistence field cropping (cLsC) farm types, respectively. The same trend was observed for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in all farm types except an annual negative K balance of 16 kg farm−1 in cGCL. Across the different activities within the farms, land uses had positive N (359, 387 and 563 kg N ha−1 year−1) and P (74, 219 and 411 kg P ha−1 year−1) balances for all farm types, but again a negative K balance in cGCL with an average loss of 533 kg K ha−1 year−1. Partial nutrient balances in livestock production indicated a positive balance for all nutrients across the farms types but were slightly negative for P in cLsC. Commercial livestock keeping (cLsC) was economically more profitable than the other farm types with an average annual gross margin (GM) and net cash flow (NCF) of $9,033 and $935. Cropping activities within cGCL and cGscL had GMs of $1,059 and $194 and NCFs of $757 and $206, respectively, but livestock activities in both farm types incurred financial losses. Potassium inputs were limited under vegetable and crop production of cGCL, threatening long-term K nutrient availability in this system. Overall, the results indicated large annual surpluses of N and P in urban and peri-urban vegetable and crop production systems which pose a potential threat when lost to the environment. Appropriate policies should aim at promoting sustainable production through efficient nutrient management in the Kano UPA sector.

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Notes

  1. A mangala is a pannier or jute- woven pouch transported on a donkey’s back.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Volkswagen Stiftung, Hannover, Germany for funding this research under the UrbanFood project coordinated at University of Kassel-Witzennhausen within the collaborative programme “Resources, their dynamics, and sustainability-capacity-development in comparative and integrated approaches” (No. I/82 189). The first author gratefully acknowledges Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, for a study fellowship at the Wageningen University, The Netherlands. We are also grateful to Mr. Ilyassou Oumarou of ICRISAT Niamey for the laboratory analysis of our samples, and to the Institute for Agricultural Research, Kano Station, for hosting the first author during the field stage of the research. The technical advice and expertise of Joost Vlaming of Envista Consultancy, Arnhem, The Netherlands, with the NUTMON/MONQI toolbox is duly appreciated and acknowledged. The technical assistance of Jibrin B. Jibrin and Zahraddeen in field work is duly appreciated and also for the farmers’ cooperation in conducting the research on their properties. Contributions of Herman van Keulen for his support and technical advice in the initiation of this study are duly acknowledged as well as efforts of Ibrahima Kadouré for mapping out the study sites in Kano.

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  1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria

    Aisha Abdulkadir & John O. Agbenin

  2. Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Aisha Abdulkadir, Peter A. Leffelaar & Ken Everlyn Giller

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  1. Aisha Abdulkadir
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Correspondence to Aisha Abdulkadir.

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Abdulkadir, A., Leffelaar, P.A., Agbenin, J.O. et al. Nutrient flows and balances in urban and peri-urban agroecosystems of Kano, Nigeria. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 95, 231–254 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-013-9560-2

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