Abstract
This paper presents an overview of human factors data collected via an online survey related to the use of lifts (elevators) and stairs during both circulation and evacuation scenarios. Survey participants were presented with a series of hypothetical situations and asked how they would behave. The survey was split into two broad sections, the first dealing with normal circulation usage of lifts/stairs and the second dealing with evacuation usage of lifts/stairs. Detailed demographic information about each participant was also collected. In total some 468 people from 23 countries completed the survey. An overview of the survey and initial results are presented in this paper.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- N:
-
Number of participants that gave a response to a specific question(s) or provided demographic information
- y:
-
Proportion people that would consider using a lift
- x:
-
Floor number that the people are located on above ground level
- p:
-
Probability (that the observed values are different from the expected due to chance)
- χ2 :
-
Chi-square value
References
Sekizawa A, Ebihara M, Notake H, Kubota K, Nakano M, Ohmiya Y, Kaneko H (1999) Occupants’ behaviour in response to the high rise apartment fire in Hiroshima City. Fire Mater 23:297–303
Averill JD, Mileti SD, Peacock RD, Kuligowski ED, Groner N, Proulx G, Reneke PA, Nelson HE (2005) Federal building and fire safety investigation of the world trade center disaster—occupant behavior, egress, and emergency communications. National Institute of standards, and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD NIST NCSTAR 1-7
Kinsey MJ, Galea ER, Lawrence PJ (2009) Investigating the use of lifts for high-rise building evacuation through computer simulation. In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on human behaviour in fire conference, pp 85–96
Galea ER, Shields J, Canter D, Boyce K, Day R, Hulse L, Siddiqui A, Summerfield L, Marselle M, Greenall P. (2006) Methodologies employed in the collection, retrieval and storage of human factors information derived from first hand accounts of survivors of the WTC disaster of 11 September 2001. J Appl Fire Sci 15(4):253–276
Klote JH, Alvord DM, Levin BM, Groner NE (1992) Feasibility and Design Considerations of Evacuation by Lifts. NISTIR 4870
Groner NE, Levin BM (1992) Human factors considerations in the potential for using lifts in building emergency evacuation plans. NIST 94-656
Heyes E, Spearpoint M (2009) Lifts for evacuation—human behaviour considerations. In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on human behaviour in fire conference, pp 73–84
Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, http://www.ctbuh.org, cited 20/10/2009
Fetherstonhaugh D, Slovic P, Johnson S, Friedrich J (1997) Insensitivity to the value of human life: a study of psychophysical numbing. J Risk Uncertain 14(3):283–300
Galea ER, Sharp G, Lawrence P (2008) Investigating the representation of merging behavior at the floor stair interface in computer simulations of multi-floor building evacuations. J Fire Prot Eng 19(4):291–316
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix
Appendix
1.1 A1. Online Survey
A summary of the questions posed in the on-line survey is presented in this Appendix, the full survey can be found at http://fseg.gre.ac.uk/elevator/. Presented in Appendix A1.1 is the full text of each of the hypothetical scenarios posed in the section dealing with circulation. Presented in Appendix A1.2 are the questions posed for each of the circulation scenarios. For each scenario the same questions were repeated. Presented in Appendix A1.3 is the hypothetical scenario posed for evacuation and the associated questions.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kinsey, M.J., Galea, E.R. & Lawrence, P.J. Human Factors Associated with the Selection of Lifts/Elevators or Stairs in Emergency and Normal Usage Conditions. Fire Technol 48, 3–26 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-010-0176-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-010-0176-7