Civil and Environmental Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Cyprus
Z. Salem
The Palestinian Environmental Quality AuthorityMinistry of Environmental Affairs
M. Mountadar
Laboratory of Water and EnvironmentUniversity of Chouaib Doukkali
O. Assobhei
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Chouaib Doukkali
M. Loizidou
School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens
Article
First Online:
DOI:
10.1007/s10669-005-0998-x
Cite this article as:
Fatta, D., Salem, Z., Mountadar, M. et al. Environmentalist (2004) 24: 227. doi:10.1007/s10669-005-0998-x
Abstract
As freshwater becomes increasingly scarce due to population growth, urbanisation and, probably, climate change, the use of wastewater in agriculture, aquaculture, groundwater recharge and in other areas will increase. In some cases, wastewater is the only water resource available to poor, subsistence-level farming communities. Although there are benefits to using wastewater in agriculture—such as better nutrition and food security for many households—uncontrolled use of wastewater is frequently associated with significant negative human health impacts. These health impacts can be minimized when good management practices are implemented. In this paper the existing situation, in relation to water resources availability, wastewater treatment and reuse in Morocco and Palestine, is presented.
water scarcitywastewater treatmentwastewater reclamationirrigationhealth impactsMoroccoPalestine