Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A Lust for Treasure and a Love of Gold…or Desperation? Global Facilitation of Piracy, Neoliberal Policies and the Control of the Somali Pirate

  • Published:
Critical Criminology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The issue of piracy is most often framed as being the product of dangerous individuals plundering and murdering for personal gain. What is less often discussed are the state, political, economic, and corporate interests that intersect with piracy (i.e. the corporate interest demand for protection of global shipping routes that are instrumental for capital accumulation in the world market). Here I utilize the concept of crimes of globalization to demonstrate that the motivations that undergird policies aimed at controlling piracy today are not dissimilar to those promoted through international financial institutions in their effort to advance the economic interests of highly empowered countries at the expense of addressing localized needs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. There are more than 50 different actors involved in fighting piracy off the coast of Somalia, including individual states operating alone or in cooperation agreements, task forces, working groups, legislative bodies, international control agencies, as well as private and corporate interests. For a full list see Oceans Beyond Piracy (2011), Counter Piracy Activities Matrix. http://oceansbeyondpiracy.org/matrix/counter-piracy-activities-dynamic.

  2. It must be noted that although there is considerable attention on the issue of the cost of maritime piracy, comparatively this loss is low. Consider that only two percent of the total cost of piracy in 2011 went to the payment of ransoms (Rinehard 2012). Additionally, as noted by Collins (2012) reports from the International Maritime Bureau indicate that the number of seafarers killed by Somali pirates has remained relatively stable since 1991, averaging less than two people/year until 2008 where it increased to four, and then to eight people in 2011 (International Maritime Bureau 2011).

  3. It is acknowledged here that in the strictest sense the World Trade Organization does not function in the same capacity as the IMF and WB, rather, it is an international body tasked with fostering and regulating global trade. Despite this distinction it does share similar attributes with the IMB and WB, but its degree of involvement in crimes of globalization is significantly lessened because its primary role is not that of loaning monies (see Friedrichs and Rothe 2012).

  4. The international political community is defined as “a collective conscience and identity based on the moral order of universalism and neo-naturalism,” and is associated with international institutions, such as the UN, that represents a collective international identity, culturally, morally, and as it relates to state relations at the international level (Rothe and Mullins 2006: 270).

References

  • Aas, K. F. (2005). “Getting ahead of the game”: Border technologies and the changing space of governance. In E. Zureik & M. Salter (Eds.), Global surveillance and policing: Borders, security, identity (pp. 194–214). Cullumpton: Willan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aas, K. F. (2013). Globalization and crime. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agozino, B. (2004). Counter-colonial criminology: A critique of imperialist reason. London, UK: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, I., & Green, R. H. (1999). The heritage of war and state collapse in Somalia and Somaliland: Local-level effects, external interventions and reconstruction. Third World Quarterly, 20(1), 113–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, Y., & Richardson, T. B. (Eds.). (2009). Terror on the high seas: From piracy to strategic challenge (Vol. 1). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali, M., & Murad, Z. (2009). Unraveling narratives of piracy: Discourses of Somali pirates. Darkmatter Journal, 5, 91–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. L. (1995). Piracy and world history: An economic perspective on maritime predation. Journal of World History, 6(2), 175–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahadur, J. (2011). The pirates of Somalia: Inside their hidden world. New York, NY: Pantheon Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • BBC News. (2012). Somalia forces advance from Mogadishu against Al-Shabab. BBC News Africa. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17401378. Accessed January 11, 2012.

  • Bonn, S. (2011). How an elite-engineered moral panic led to the U.S. war on Iraq. Critical Criminology, 19(3), 227–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borger, J. (2008). Piracy and ransom payments: Risky business—Safe transactions. The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/nov/19/piracy-somalia1. Accessed August 11, 2013.

  • Bowden, A. (2010). The economic cost of piracy: One earth future working paper. Oceans Beyond Piracy. http://oceansbeyondpiracy.org/sites/default/files/documents_old/The_Economic_Cost_of_Piracy_Full_Report.pdf. Accessed August 20, 2013.

  • Bowling, B. (2010). Policing the Caribbean: Transnational security operation in practice. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradford, A. S. (2007). Flying the black flag: A brief history of piracy. Westport, CT: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chalk, P. (2008). Maritime dimension of international security: Terrorism, piracy and challenges for the United States. Arlington, VA: RAND Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambliss, W. J. (1989). State organized crime: The American Society of Criminology 1988 presidential address. Criminology, 27(2), 183–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chambliss, W. J. (2004). On the symbiosis between criminal law and criminal behavior. Criminology, 42(2), 241–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, J. (2005). Globalisation, reflexivity, and the practice of criminology. In J. Sheptycki & A. Warsak (Eds.), Transnational and comparative criminology (pp. 337–356). London, UK: Glasshouse Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, K. K. (2009). Maritime piracy: Nature, impact and legal frameworks for prosecution. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 4(1), 13–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, V. E. (2012). Dangerous seas: Moral panic and the Somali pirate. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 45(1), 106–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, V. E. (2013). To catch a pirate: Analyzing processes of policy-making on maritime piracy. Doctoral dissertation. Retrieved from ProQuest. (3574562).

  • Combined Maritime Forces. (2012). About CMF. http://combinedmaritimeforces.com/about/. Accessed January 11, 2013.

  • Doria, J., Rothe, D. L., & Mullins, C. (2010). Africa: Regional report. In M. C. Bassiouni (Ed.), The pursuit of international criminal justice: A world study of conflicts, victimization and post-conflict justice (Vol. 2, pp. 357–514). Antswerp: Intersentia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dua, J., & Menkhaus, K. (2012). The context of contemporary piracy: The case of Somalia. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10(4), 749–766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Editorial. (2004). Piracy poses threat to world trade as maritime attacks hit record levels: Pirates staged 445 attacks last year, killing at least 21 people. How can they be stopped? The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/piracy-poses-threat-to-world-trade-as-maritime-attacks-hit-record-levels-565585.html. Accessed June 11, 2012.

  • Edwards, A., & Gill, P. (2003). Transnational organised crime: Perspectives on global security. London, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichstaedt, P. (2010). Pirate state: Inside Somalia’s terrorism at sea. Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, R. (2007). Piracy on the high seas. Security Management, 51(6), 40–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engels, J. (2007). Floating bombs encircling our shores: Post-9/11 rhetorics of piracy and terrorism. Cultural Studies Critical Methodologies, 7(3), 326–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ericson, R., & Haggerty, K. (1997). Policing the risk society. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ezeonu, I. (2008). Crimes of globalization: Health care, HIV and the poverty of neo-liberalism in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 1(2), 113–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ezeonu, I., & Koku, E. (2008). Crimes of globalization: The feminization of HIV pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Global South, 2(2), 112–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feeley, M., & Simon, J. (1994). Actuarial justice: The emerging new criminal law. In D. Nelken (Ed.), The futures of criminology (pp. 173–201). London, UK: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit. (2011). Famine continues: Observed improvements contingent on continued response. http://www.fsnau.org/in-focus/famine-continues-observed-improvements-contingent-continued-response. Accessed June 11, 2012.

  • Friedrichs, D. O. (2004). White-collar crime in a globalized world. Presentation at Western Michigan University.

  • Friedrichs, D. O. (2010). Trusted criminals: White collar crime in contemporary society (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedrichs, D. O., & Friedrichs, J. (2002). The World Bank and crimes of globalization: A case study. Social Justice, 29(1–2), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedrichs, D. O., & Rothe, D. L. (2012). Crimes of globalization as a criminological project: The case of international financial institutions. In F. Packes (Ed.), Globalization and the challenge to criminology (pp. 45–63). New York, NY: Routledge Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, M. (2012). Piracy prosecutions in national courts. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10(4), 797–821.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J. (2009). Maritime security and international law in Africa. African Security Review, 18(3), 60–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guilfoyle, D. (2012). Prosecuting Somali pirates: A critical evaluation of the options. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10(4), 767–796.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, J. V. (2009). Geographies of state failure and sophistication in maritime piracy hijackings. Political Geography, 28(4), 213–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkes, K. G. (2001). Don’t give up the ship. Security Management, 45(9), 81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong, N., & Ng, A. K. Y. (2010). The international legal instruments in addressing piracy and maritime terrorism: A critical review. Research in Transportation Economics, 27(1), 51–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Human Rights Watch. (2007). Shell-shocked: Civilians under siege in Mogadishu. http://www.hrw.org/reports/2007/08/12/shell-shocked. Accessed June 1, 2012.

  • Iadicola, P. (2008). Globalization and empire. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 1(2), 3–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Maritime Bureau. (2011). Annual report on piracy and armed robbery against ships. International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Commercial Crime Services. http://www.iccwbo.org. Retrieved May 11, 2013.

  • International Shipping Federation/International Chamber of Shipping. (2004). Pirates and armed robbers: Guidelines on prevention for masters and ship security officers (4th ed.). London, UK: Marisec.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasparro, C. (2009). Piracy offers lessons on global governance. Yale Global. http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/somalia%E2%80%99s-piracy-offers-lessons-global-governance. Accessed June 11, 2011.

  • Koknar, A. M. (2004). Terror on the high seas. Security Management, 48(6), 75–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraska, J., & Wilson, B. (2009a). Combating pirates of the Gulf of Aden: The Djibouti code and the Somali coast guard. Ocean and Coastal Management, 52(10), 516–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kraska, J., & Wilson, B. (2009b). The global maritime partnership and Somali piracy. Defense and Security Analysis, 25(3), 223–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehr, P. (2007). Introduction. In P. Lehr (Ed.), Violence at sea: Piracy in the age of global terrorism (pp. vii–xii). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenoir, J. (1934). Piracy cases in the Supreme Court. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 25(4), 532–553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lobo-Guerrero, L. (2008). “Pirates”, stewards, and the securitization of global circulation. International Political Sociology, 2(3), 219–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marley, D. F. (2011). Modern piracy. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazzetti, M. (2006). Efforts by CIA fail in Somalia, officials charge. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/08/world/africa/08intel.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0. Accessed July 3, 2012.

  • Menkhaus, K. (2004). Somalia: State collapse and the threat of terrorism. London, UK: International Institute of Strategic Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkhaus, K. (2006). Governance without government in Somalia. International Security, 31(3), 74–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menkhaus, K. (2007). The crisis in Somalia: Tragedy in five acts. African Affairs, 106(424), 357–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, M. N. (2011). Somalia: The new Barbery? Piracy and Islam in the horn of Africa. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mythen, G., & Walklate, S. (2006). Criminology and terrorism. British Journal of Criminology, 46(3), 379–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nance, M. T., & Jakobi, A. P. (2012). Laundering pirates? Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10(4), 857–880.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nankivell, K. L. (2004). Troubled waters. Foreign Policy, 145, 30–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NATO Allied Maritime Command. (2010a). NATO warship forces pirates to release ship. Northwood, UK: NATO News Release.

    Google Scholar 

  • NATO Allied Maritime Command. (2010b). One year on NATO remains vigilant in Gulf of Aden. Northwood, UK: NATO News Release.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nincic, D. (2009). Maritime piracy in Africa: The humanitarian dimension. African Security Review, 18(3), 2–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • North, J. (2011). The roots of the Cote d’Ivoire crisis. The Nation April 25 (pp. 24–26).

  • Oceans Beyond Piracy. (2011). The economic cost of Somali piracy 2011. http://oceansbeyondpiracy.org/sites/default/files/economic_cost_of_piracy_2011.pdf. Accessed March 11, 2013.

  • O’Sullivan, J. (1999). Riddle of Scottish traveller ‘shot dead by a gang of Somali pirates. The Independent 18 September, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Onuoha, F. C. (2009). Sea piracy and maritime security in the Horn of Africa: The Somali coast and Gulf of Aden in perspective. African Security Review, 18(3), 31–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panjabi, R. K. L. (2010). The pirates of Somalia: Opportunistic predators or environmental prey? William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, 34(2), 377–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rediker, M. (2004). Villains of all nations, Atlantic pirates in the golden age. Boston: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rinehard, B. (2012). Horn of Africa: Land and sea. Northwood, UK: North Atlantic Treaty Organization Civil-Military Fusion Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothe, D. L. (2010a). Facilitating corruption and human rights violations: The role of international financial institutions. Crime, Law and Social Change, 53(5), 457–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothe, D. L. (2010b). The dragon rising: International financial institutions and the emerging role of China. In W. Chambliss, R. Michalowski, & R. Kramer (Eds.), State crime in a globalized age (pp. 152–169). Portland, OR: Willian Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothe, D. L. (2010c). International financial institutions, corruption and human rights. In M. Boersma & H. Nelen (Eds.), Corruption and human rights (pp. 177–197). Antwerp: Intersentia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothe, D. L., & Collins, V. E. (2011). Got a band-aid? Political discourse, militarized responses, and the Somalia pirate. Contemporary Justice Review, 14(3), 329–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothe, D. L., & Collins, V. E. (2013). The circle of state violence and harm. In B. Arrigo & H. Bersot (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of international crime and justice studies (pp. 191–231). Oxon, UK: Taylor and Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothe, D. L., & Friedrichs, D. O. (2013). Controlling crimes of globalization: A challenge for international criminal justice. In W. De Lint, M. Marmo, & N. Chazal (Eds.), Crime and justice in international society. Oxon, UK: Routledge Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothe, D. L., & Mullins, C. W. (2006). International community: Legitimizing a moral consciousness. Humanity and Society, 30(3), 253–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothe, D. L., Mullins, C. W., & Sandstrom, K. (2009). The Rwandan genocide: International finance policies and human rights. Social Justice, 35(3), 66–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothe, D. L., Muzzatti, S., & Mullins, C. W. (2006). Crime on the high seas: Crimes of globalization and the sinking of the Senegalese ferry Le Joola. Critical Criminology, 14, 159–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, C., & Bedi, A. S. (2012). ‘War on piracy’: The conflation of Somali piracy with terrorism in discourse, tactic and law. The Hague, Netherlands: International Institute of Social Sciences.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spearin, C. (2012). Private military and security companies v. International Naval Endeavours v. Somali pirates: A security studies perspective. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10(4), 823–837.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, E. (2009). Torture, truth and justice: The case of Timor-Leste. London, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terdman, M. (2008). Somalia at war-between radical Islam and tribal politics. Ramat Aviv: The S. Daniel Abraham Center for International and Regional Studies Tel Aviv University.

    Google Scholar 

  • The White House. (2002). National security strategy of the United States. The White House, Washington, DC.

  • Tombs, S. (2001). Thinking about “white collar” crime. In S. A. Lingren (Ed.), White collar crime research: Old view and future potentials (pp. 13–34). Stockholm, Sweden: National Council for Crime Prevention.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torrance, M., & Lochery, E. (2008). An analysis of IFIs fiscal policy recommendations. The Oxford council of good governance (Paper No. 8). http://ocgg.org/fileadmin/Publications/EY008.pdf. Accessed August 13, 2012.

  • United Nations. (2011). Press conference on Somalia famine by United Nations humanitarian coordinator. New York, NY: United Nations Department of Public Information.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Chidren’s Fund. (2012). Safe water remains scarce in Somalia, contributing to disease and malnutrition report. UNICEF. http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/somalia_62048.html. Accessed April 11, 2012.

  • United Nations Office for the Coordination for Humanitarian Affairs. (2012). Drought strikes the horn of Africa. http://www.voanews.com/english/news/special-reports/world-and-regional/Famine-in-Somalia-126248473.html. Accessed August 13, 2012.

  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2011). Counter-piracy programme: Support to the trial and related treatment of piracy suspects. http://www.unodc.org/documents/Piracy/UNODC_Brochure_Issue_6_WV.pdf. Accesed March 20, 2012.

  • United Nations Security Council. (2000). Report of the Secretary General on the situation in Somalia. Report of the Secretary General. Document no. S/2000/1211. http://daccess-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N00/785/22/PDF/N0078522.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed March 20, 2012.

  • United Nations Security Council. (2006). Resolution 1676. Document no. S/RES/1676 (2006). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N06/343/85/PDF/N0634385.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed May 20, 2012.

  • United Nations Security Council. (2007a). Resolution 1772. Document no. S/RES/1772 (2007). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N07/485/62/PDF/N0748562.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed March 20, 2012.

  • United Nations Security Council. (2008a). Resolution 1801. Document no. S/RES/1801 (2008). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N08/246/98/PDF/N0824698.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed March 20, 2012.

  • United Nations Security Council. (2008b). Resolution 1816. Document no. S/RES/1816 (2008). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N08/361/77/PDF/N0836177.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed March 20, 2012.

  • United Nations Security Council. (2008c). Resolution 1838. Document no. S/RES/1838 (2008). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N08/538/84/PDF/N0853884.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed March 20, 2012.

  • United Nations Security Council. (2008d). Resolution 1844. Document no. S/RES/1844 (2008). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N08/611/31/PDF/N0861131.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed March 20, 2012.

  • United Nations Security Council. (2008e). Resolution 1846. Document no. S/RES/1846 (2008). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N08/630/29/PDF/N0863029.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed March 20, 2012.

  • United Nations Security Council. (2008f). Resolution 1851. Document no. S/RES/1851 (2008). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N08/655/01/PDF/N0865501.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed March 20, 2012.

  • United Nations Security Council. (2010a). Resolution 1950. Document no. S/RES/1950 (2010). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N10/649/02/PDF/N1064902.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed March 20, 2012.

  • United Nations Security Council. (2010b). Report of the Secretary General on Somalia. Document no. S/2010/675. http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N10/703/94/PDF/N1070394.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed March 20, 2012.

  • United Nations Secretary General Report. (1998). Oceans and the law of the sea report of the Secretary-General. Report of the Secretary General. Document no. A/53/456. http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N98/291/22/PDF/N9829122.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed May 11, 2012.

  • US State Department. (2005). Country reports on terrorism 2004. Report of the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/45454.htm. Accessed March 29, 2013.

  • Vagg, J. (1995). Rough seas? British Journal of Criminology, 35(1), 63–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Ginkel, B., & Landman, L. (2012). In search of a sustainable and coherent strategy: Assessing the kaleidoscope of counter-piracy activities in Somalia. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10(4), 727–748.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, P. (1992). Food is a ‘raw power’ in Perilous port city: Gunmen in Somalia wait for ships to pillage. The Toronto Star 23 August, A3.

  • Whyte, D. (2007). The crimes of neo-liberal rule in occupied Iraq. British Journal of Criminology, 47(2), 177–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, N. (2006). The globalizers: The IMF, the World Bank and their borrowers. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, A., & Valencia, M. (2003). Conflation of piracy and terrorism in Southeast Asia: Rectitude and utility. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 25(2), 269–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zedner, L. (2009). Security. New York, NY: Routledge.

Download references

Acknowledgments

I would like to extend my thanks and acknowledge Dawn L. Rothe for her valuable feedback on earlier drafts of this paper and to the reviewers who provided insightful and thoughtful feedback that served to greatly improve this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Justice Studies, College of Justice and Safety, Eastern Kentucky University, Stratton 467, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond, KY, 40475, USA

    Victoria E. Collins

Authors
  1. Victoria E. Collins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Victoria E. Collins.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Collins, V.E. A Lust for Treasure and a Love of Gold…or Desperation? Global Facilitation of Piracy, Neoliberal Policies and the Control of the Somali Pirate. Crit Crim 22, 433–450 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-014-9239-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-014-9239-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation