Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Contrasting patterns of genetic diversity between two endangered palms with overlapping distributions, Voanioala gerardii (Arecoideae) and Lemurophoenix halleuxii (Arecoideae), from North-east Madagascar

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Conservation Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Madagascar has a high diversity of endemic palm species and the Masoala Peninsula is a hotspot for their diversity. Several species are critically endangered and their populations known to be in decline due to a combination of land clearance, destructive harvesting for heart of palm and potentially unsustainable commercial seed collection. The critically endangered Voanioala gerardii and the endangered Lemurophoenix halleuxii are two palm species from monospecific genera endemic to Madagascar that overlap in their distribution within this region. This project undertook field surveys of all known populations of these two species to document their population sizes and locations. We modelled their area of potentially suitable habitat within the region and undertook genetic analysis to investigate genetic diversity and relatedness among populations of each species. The study found overlapping but contrasting patterns of potential habitat. It also found contrasting levels and patterns of genetic diversity between the two species that were not consistent with the modelled habitat distributions. We found that Voanioala gerardii populations are critically small but contain unexpectedly high levels of genetic diversity, which may indicate as yet undiscovered populations remaining. An active program to change methods of seed collection and to involve local villagers and land managers in the conservation of these species would be required to prevent their extinction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adler GH, Lambert TD (2008) Spatial and temporal variation in the fruiting phenology of palms in isolated stands. Pl Sp Biol 23:9–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrianarimisa A, Bachmann L, Ganzhorn J, Goodman S, Tomiuk J (2000) Effects of forest fragmentation on genetic variation in endemic understory forest birds in central Madagascar. J Ornith 141:152–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Arroyo-Rodriguez V, Aguirre A, Benitez-Malvido J, Mandujano S (2007) Impact of rain forest fragmentation on the population size of a structurally important palm species: Astrocaryum mexicanum at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Biol Cons 138:198–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bacles C, Burczyk J, Lowe AJ, Ennos R (2005) Historical and contemporary mating patterns in remnant populations of the forest tree Fraxinus excelsior L. Evolution 59:979–990

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker J, van Rijswijk M, Weissing F (2010) Consequences of fragmentation for the ability to adapt to novel environments in experimental Drosophila metapopulations. Cons Gen 11:435–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biebach I, Keller L (2010) Inbreeding in reintroduced populations: the effects of early reintroduction history and contemporary processes. Cons Gen 11:527–538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bijlsma R, Westerhof M, Roekx L, Pen I (2010) Dynamics of genetic rescue in inbred Drosophila melanogaster populations. Cons Gen 11:449–462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Billotte N, Risterucci A, Barcelos E, Noyer J, Amblard P, Baurens F (2001) Development, characterisation, and across-taxa utility of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) microsatellite markers. Genome 44:413–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Billotte N, Couvreur T, Marseillac N, Brottier P, Perthuis P, Vallejos M, Noyer J-L, Jacquemoud-Collet J-P, Risterucci A-M, Pintaud J-C (2004) A new set of microsatellite markers for the peach palm (Bactris gasipaes kunth); characterisation and across-taxa utility within the tribe Cocoeae. Mol Ecol Notes 4:580–582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouzat J (2010) Conservation genetics of population bottlenecks: the role of chance, selection, and history. Cons Gen 11:463–478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brito DG, CEV, Boubli J (2008) Is the Atlantic Forest protected area network efficient in maintaining viable populations of Brachyteles hypoxanthus? Biodiv Cons 17: 3255-3268

  • Brook B, Tonkyn D, O’Grady J, Frankham R (2002) Contribution of inbreeding to extinction risk in threatened species. Cons Ecol 6:16

    Google Scholar 

  • Byg A, Balslev H (2001a) Diversity and use of palms in Zahamena, eastern Madagascar. Biodiv Cons 10:951–970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byg A, Balslev H (2001b) Traditional knowledge of Dypsis fibrosa (Arecaceae) in Eastern Madagascar. Econ Bot 55:263–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cadotte M, Rakotonasolo F, Reza L, Lovett-Doust J (2002) Tree and shrub diversity and abundance in fragmented littoral forest of southeastern Madagascar. Biodiv Cons 11:1417–1436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardoso S, Eloy N, Provan J, Cardoso M, Ferreira P (2000) Genetic differentiation of Euterpe edulis Mart. populations estimated by AFLP analysis. Mol Ecol 9:1753–1760

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cibrian-Jaramillo A, Hahn W, Desalle R (2008) Development of microsatellite markers of the Mexican understorey palm Chamaedorea elegans, cross-species genotyping, and amplification in congeners. Mol Ecol Notes 8:322–324

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colpaert N, Cavers S, Bandou E, Caron H, Gheysen G, Lowe AJ (2005) Sampling tissue for DNA analysis of trees: trunk Cambium as an alternative to canopy leaves. Sil Genet 54:265–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornuet JM, Luikart G (1996) Description and power analysis of two tests for detecting recent population bottlenecks from allelic frequency data. Genetics 144:2001–2014

    Google Scholar 

  • Craul M, Chikhi L, Sousa V, Olivieri G, Rabesandratana A, Zimmermann E, Radespiel U (2009) Influence of forest fragmentation on an endangered large-bodied lemur in northwestern Madagascar. Biodiv Cons 142:2862–2871

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis A, Lewis C, Francisco-Ortega J, Zona S (2007) Differentiation among insular and continental populations of Coccothrinax argentata (Arecaceae): evidence from DNA markers and a common garden experiment. Taxon 56:103–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Dew J, Wright P (1998) Frugivory and seed dispersal by four species of primates in Madagascar’s eastern rain forest. Biotrop 30:425–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowe J, Benzie J, Ballment E (1997) Ecology and genetics of Carpoxylon macrospermum H Wendl. and Drude (Arecaceae), an endangered palm from Vanuatu. Biol Cons 79:205–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle J, Doyle J (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phyto Bull 19:11–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Dransfield J (1989) Voanioala (Arecoideae: Cocoeae: Butiinae), a new palm genus from Madagascar. Kew Bull 44:191–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dransfield J, Beentje H (1995) The palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and the International Palm Society, Kew

    Google Scholar 

  • Dransfield J, Uhl N, Asmussen C, Baker W, Harley M, Lewis C (2008a) Genera palmarum: the evolution and classification of palms. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

  • Dransfield J, Uhl N, Asmussen C, Baker W, Harley M, Lewis C (2008b) Genera palmarum: the evolution and classification of palms. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens

    Google Scholar 

  • Dransfield J, Rakotoarinivo M, Baker WJ, Bayton RB, Fisher JB, Horn JW, Bruno LB, Metz X (2008c) New coryphoid palm genus from Madagascar. Bot J Linn Soc 156:79–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Du Puy D, Moat J (1996) A refined classification of the primary vegetation of Madagascar based on the underlying geology: using GIS to map its distribution and to assess its conservation status. In: Lourenco WR (ed) Biogeography of Madagascar. ORSTOM, Paris, pp 205–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumetz N (1999) High plant diversity of lowland rainforest vestiges in eastern Madagascar. Biodiv Cons 8:273–315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Kassaby Y, Ritland K (1996) Impact of selection and breeding of the genetic diversity in Douglas-fir. Biodiv Cons 5:795–813

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellstrand N, Elam D (1993) Population genetic consequences of small population size: implications for plant conservation. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 24:217–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freville H, Colas B, Riba M, Caswell H, Mignot A, Imbert E, Olivieri I (2004) Spatial and temporal demographic variability in the endemic plant species Centauria corymbosa (Asteraceae). Ecol 85:694–703

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaiotto F, Brodani R, Grattapaglia D (2001) Microsatellite markers for heart of palm: Euterpe edulis and E.oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae). Mol Ecol Notes 1:86–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaiotto F, Grattapaglia D, Vencovsky R (2003) Genetic structure, mating system, and long-distance gene flow in heart of palm (Euterpe edulis Mart.). J Hered 94:399–406

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galetti M, Donatti C, Pires A, Guimaraes P Jr, Jordano P (2006) Seed survival and dispersal of an endemic Atlantic forest palm: the combined effects of defaunation and forest fragmentation. Bot J Linn Soc 151:141–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gitzendanner M, Soltis P (2000) Patterns of genetic variation in rare and widespread plant congeners. Am J Bot 87:783–792

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Perez M, Caujape-Castells J, Sosa P (2004) Allozyme variation and structure of the Canarian endemic palm tree Phoenix canariensis (Arecaceae): implications for conservation. Hered 93:307–315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guisan A, Thuiller W (2005) Predicting species distribution: offering more than simple habitat models. Ecol Let 8:993–1009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guisan A, Broennimann O, Engler R, Vust M, Yoccoz N, Lehmann A, Zimmermann N (2006) Using niche based models to improve the sampling of rare species. Cons Biol 20:501–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardesty BD, Dick CW, Hamrick JL, Degen B, Hubbell SP, Bermingham E (2010) Geographic influence on genetic structure in the widespread Neotropical tree, Simarouba amara (Simaroubaceae). Trop Pl Biol. 3:28–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedrick P, Fredrickson R (2010) Genetic rescue guidelines with examples from Mexican wolves and Florida panthers. Cons Gen 11:615–626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hegarty MJ, Hiscock SJ (2009) Allopolyploid genomes; the complex nature of allopolyploid plant genomes. Heredity 103:100–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson A (2002) Evolution and ecology of palms. The New York Botanical Gardens Press, Bronx

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson S, Billotte N, Pintaud J-C (2006) Genetic isolation of Cape Verde Island Phoenix atlantica (Arecaceae) revealed by microsatellite markers. Cons Gen 7:213–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Honnay O, Jacquemyn H, Bossuyt B, Hermy M (2005) Forest fragmentation effects on patch occupancy and population viability of herbaceous plant species. New Phytol 166:723–736

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horandl E, Greilhuber J (2002) Diploid and autotetraploid sexuals and their relationships to apomicts in the Ranunculus cassubicus group: insights from DNA content and isozyme variation. Pl Syst Evol 234:85–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irwin M, Johnson S, Wright P (2005) The state of lemur conservation in south-eastern Madagascar: population and habitat assessments for diurnal and cathemeral lemurs using surveys, satellite imagery and GIS. Oryx 39:204–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IUCN (2009) IUCN red list of threatened species: version 2009.2. www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 8 March 2010

  • Jarvis A, Williams K, Williams D, Guarino L, Caballero PJ, Mottram G (2005) Use of GIS for optimizing a collecting mission for a rare wild pepper (Capsicum flexuosum Sendtn.) in Paraguay. Gen Res Crop Evol 52:671–682

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson MAT (1989) An unusually high chromosome number in Voanioala gerardii (Palmae: Arecoideae: Cocoeae: Butiinae) from Madagascar. Kew Bull 44:207–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson MAT, Kenton AY, Bennett MD, Brandham PE (1989) Voanioala gerardii has the highest known chromosome number in the monocotyledons. Genome 32:328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keller L, Waller D (2002) Inbreeding effects in wild populations. Tree 17:230–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Pushpangadan P, Mehrotra S (2003) Extraction of high-molecular-weight DNA from dry root tissue of Berberis lyceum suitable for RAPD. Pl Mol Biol Rep 21:309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leducq J-B, Gosset C, Poiret M, Hendoux F, Vekemans X, Billiard S (2010) An experimental study of the S-Allee effect in the self-incompatible plant Biscutella neustriaca. Cons Gen 11:497–508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtinen R, Ramanamanjato J-B, Raveloarison J (2003) Edge effects and extinction proneness in a herpetofauna from Madagascar. Biodiv Cons 12:1357–1370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leimu R, Mutikainen P, Koricheva J, Fischer M (2006) How general are positive relationships between plant population size, fitness and genetic variation? J Ecol 94:942–952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luna R, Epperson BK, Oyama K (2007) High levels of genetic variability and inbreeding in two Neotropical dioecious palms with contrasting life histories. Hered 99:466–476

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maizura I, Rajanaidu N, Zakri A, Cheah S (2006) Assessment of genetic diversity in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Gen Res Crop Evol 53:187–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manel S, Williams H, Ormerod S (2001) Evaluating presence-absence models in ecology: the need to account for prevalence. J Appl Ecol 38:921–931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marie C, Sibelet N, Dulcire M, Rafalimaro M, Danthu P, Carriere S (2009) Taking into account local practices and indigenous knowledge in an emergency conservation context in Madagascar. Biodiv Cons 18:2759–2777

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maschinski J (2006) Implications of population dynamic and metapopulation theory for restoration. In: Falk D, Palmer M, Zedler J (eds) Foundations of restoration ecology. Island Press, Washington DC, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Maschinski J, Duquesnel J (2006) Successful reintroductions of the endangered long-lived Sargent’s cherry palm, Pseudophoenix sargentii, in the Florida Keys. Biol Cons 134:122–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McConnell W, Sweeney S (2005) Challenges of forest governance in Madagascar. Geog J 171:223–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKay J, Christian C, Harrison S, Rice K (2005) “How local is local?” A review of practical and conceptual issues in the genetics of restoration. Rest Ecol 13:432–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKean S (2003) Toward sustainable use of palm leaves by a rural community in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Econ Bot 57:65–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moat J, Smith P (2007) Atlas of the vegetation of Madagascar. Kew Publishing UK, p 124

  • Montufar R, Mariac C, Pham J-L, Pintaud J-C (2007) Isolation of 23 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Neotropical palm (Oenocarpus bataua) Martius (Arecaceae). Mol Ecol Notes 7:75–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Namoff S, Husby C, Francisco-Ortega J, Noblick L, Lewis C, Griffith M (2010) How well does a botanical garden collection of a rare palm capture the genetic variation in a wild population? Biol Cons 143:1110–1117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nazareno A, de Carvalho D (2009) What the reasons for no inbreeding and high genetic diversity of the neotropical figure tree Ficus arpazusa? Cons Gen 10:1789–1793

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norscia I (2008) Pilot survey of avahi population (woolly lemurs) in littoral forest fragments of southeast Madagascar. Primates 49:85–88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Novaes R, Rodrigues J, Lovato MB (2009) An efficient protocol for tissue sampling and DNA isolation from the stem bark of Leguminosae trees. Gen Mol Res 8:86–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nucci S, Azevedo-Filho J, Colombo C, Priolli R, Coelho R, Mata T, Zucchi M (2008) Development and characterization of microsatellites markers from the macaw. Mol Ecol 8:224–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olmsted I, Alvarez-Buylla E (1995) Sustainable harvesting of tropical trees: demography and matrix models of two palm species in Mexico. Ecol Appl 5:484–500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oostermeijer J, Luijten S, den Nijs J (2003) Integrating demographic and genetic approaches in plant conservation. Biol Cons 113:389–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Otto SP, Whitton J (2000) Polyploid incidence and evolution. Ann Rev Gen 34:401–437

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer J (1988) Chloroplast DNA variation and plant phylogeny. Ann Miss Bot Gard 75:1180–1206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peakall R, Smouse P (2006) GenAlEx 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes 6:288–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson RG, Raxworthy CJ, Nakamura M, Peterson AT (2007) Predicting species distributions from small numbers of occurrence records: a test case using cryptic geckos in Madagascar. J Biogeog 34:102–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perera L, Russell JR, Provan J, Powell W (1999) Identification and characterisation of microsatellite loci in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and the analysis of coconut populations in Sri Lanka. Mol Ecol 8:335–346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pettit NE, Dowe JL (2003) Distribution and population structure of the vulnerable riparian palm Livistona lanuginosa AN Rodd (Arecaceae) in the Burdekin River catchment, north Queensland. Pac Cons Biol 9:207–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfab MF, Witkowski ETF (1997) Use of geographic information systems in the search for additional populations, or sites suitable for re-establishment, of the endangered northern province endemic Euphorbia clivicola. S Af J Bot 63:351–355

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips SJ, Dudik M (2008) Modelling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation. Ecography 31:161–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips SJ, Anderson RP, Schapire RE (2006) Maximum entropy modelling of species geographic distributions. Ecol Model 190:231–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell M, Accad A, Austin MP, Low Choy S, Williams KJ, Shapcott A (2010) Assessment of loss and fragmentation of a rare species habitat with niche models developed from compiled ecological data. Biol Cons 143:1385–1396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rakotoarinivo M (2008) Analyse de la distribution et de la conservation des palmiers (Arecaceae) de Madagascar par l’utilisation du système d’information géographique. Thèse de Doctorat, Université d’Antananarivo.

  • Rakotoarinivo M, Dransfield J (2010) New species of Dypsis and Ravenea (Arecaceae) from Madagascar. Kew Bull 65:279–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rakotoarinivo M, Ranarivelo T, Dransfield J (2007) A new species of Beccariophoenix from the High Plateau of Madagascar. Palms 51:63–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Rakouth B, Roger E (2011) Guide pour l’identification des graines de palmiers malgaches commercialisees. Autorité Scientifique Flore CITES, p 60.

  • Ratsirarson J, Silander J, Richard A (1996) Conservation and management of a threatened Madagascar palm species, Neodypsis decaryi, Jumelle. Cons Biol 10:40–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raxworthy CJ, Martinez-Meyer E, Horning N, Nussbaum RA, Schneider GE, Orteg-Huerta MA, Peterson AT (2003) Predicting distributions of known and unknown reptile species in Madagascar. Nature 426:837–841

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ren H, Zhand Q, Wang Z, Guo Q, Wang J, Liu N, Liang K (2010) Conservation and possible reintroduction of an endangered plant based on an analysis of community ecology: a case study of Primula tabacum Hance in China. Pl Sp Biol 25:43–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Buriticá S, Orjuela MA, Galeano G (2005) Demography and life history of Geonoma orbignyana: an understory palm used as foliage in Colombia. For Ecol Manag 211:329–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Röser M (1994) Pathways of karyological differentiation in palms (Arecaceae). Pl Syst Evol 189:83–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saghai-Maroof M, Soliman K, Jorgensen R, Allard R (1984) Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in barley: Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location, and population dynamics. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 81:8014–8018

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schurr FM, Midgley GF, Rebelo AG, Reves G, Poschlod P, Higgins SI (2007) Colonization and persistence ability explain the extent to which plant species fill their potential range. Glob Ecol Biogeog 16:449–459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapcott A (1998a) The genetics of Ptychosperma bleeseri a rare palm from the Northern Territory, Australia. Biol Cons 85:203–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapcott A (1998b) The patterns of genetic diversity in Carpentaria acuminata (Arecaceae), and rainforest history in northern Australia. Mol Ecol 7:833–847

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapcott A (1999) Comparison of the population genetics and densities of five Pinanga palm species at Kuala Belalong, Brunei. Mol Ecol 8:1641–1654

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shapcott A (2000) Conservation and genetics in the fragmented monsoon rainforest in the Northern Territory, Australia: a case study of three frugivore-dispersed species. Aust J Bot 48:397–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapcott A, Powell M (2011) Demographic structure, genetic diversity and habitat distribution of the endangered, Australian rainforest tree Macadamia jansenii help facilitate an reintroduction program. Aust J Bot 59:215–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapcott A, Rakotoarinivo M, Smith R, Lysakova G, Fay M, Dransfield J (2007) Can we bring Madagascar’s critically endangered palms back from the brink? Genetics, ecology and conservation of the critically endangered palm Beccariophoenix madagascariensis. Bot J Linn Soc 154:589–608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapcott A, Dowe J, Ford H (2009a) Low genetic diversity and recovery implications of the vulnerable Bankouale Palm Livistona carinensis (Arecaceae), from North-eastern Africa and the Southern Arabian Peninsula. Cons Gen 10:317–327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapcott A, Olsen M, Lamont RW (2009b) The importance of genetic considerations for planning translocations in the rare heathland species Boronia rivularis. Ecol Rest 27:47–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stockwell DRB, Peterson AT (2002) Effects of sample size on accuracy of species distribution models. Ecol Model 148:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teulat B, Aldam C, Trehin R, Lebrun P, Barker J, Arnold G, Karp A, Baudouin L, Rognon F (2000) An analysis of genetic diversity in coconut (Cocos nucifera) populations from across the geographic range using sequence-tagged microsatellites (SSR’s) and AFLPs. TAG 100:764–771

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson PB (1990) The structural biology of palms. Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Uchiyama K, Goto S, Ide Y (2009) Effects of population density on male and female reproductive success in the wind-pollinated, wind-dispersed tree species Betula maximowicziana. Cons Gen 10:1265–1275

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Funding from the International Palm Society Endowment Fund and the University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), with in-kind support from The Royal Botanic Gardens (RBG) Kew. Dr Bill Baker, Stuart Cable, Dr Helene Ralimanana, Andrianaivoravelona Bakoly and Rajaovelona Landy, Jao Aridy ANGAP, Dr Franck Rakotonasolo Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Timbazaza, and field guides Regis, Oclino, Be Leonor, and Tsimanimba. The USC Genecology research group, especially Rob Lamont, Anna Kuballa and Daniel Powell.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty Science Health Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia

    Alison Shapcott & Jane Quinn

  2. Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar

    Mijoro Rakotoarinivo

  3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK

    John Dransfield

Authors
  1. Alison Shapcott
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jane Quinn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mijoro Rakotoarinivo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. John Dransfield
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alison Shapcott.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shapcott, A., Quinn, J., Rakotoarinivo, M. et al. Contrasting patterns of genetic diversity between two endangered palms with overlapping distributions, Voanioala gerardii (Arecoideae) and Lemurophoenix halleuxii (Arecoideae), from North-east Madagascar. Conserv Genet 13, 1393–1408 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0382-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0382-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation