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Coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis

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Abstract

Purpose

Many epidemiological studies have been conducted to explore the association between coffee consumption and prostate cancer. However, the results remain inconsistent. We performed a large meta-analysis of relevant studies to derive a more precise estimation of this relationship.

Methods

Systematic searches of PubMed and several other databases up to June 2013 were retrieved. All epidemiologic studies regarding coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk were included, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association.

Results

Twelve case–control studies involving 7,909 prostate cancer cases and 9,461 controls and nine cohort studies involving 455,123 subjects were included in our analysis. Compared with the lowest category, the unstratified highest category of coffee consumption showed a significance reduction in prostate cancer risk of a fixed-effects model (OR 0.91, CI 0.86–0.97). A borderline significant influence was also found when the stratified highest category (US ≥4, Europe ≥5) of coffee consumption was compared with the reference category (OR 0.96, CI 0.92–1.00), but no relationships were observed for the other two categories. In another analysis conducted by coffee consumption and prostate cancer stage and Gleason grade, our results showed a significant inverse association in all categories of prostate cancer except Gleason <7 grade in a fixed-effects model; the results remained the same, except for advanced prostate cancer, in a random-effects model.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis suggests that high (e.g., highest ≥4 or 5 cups/day) coffee consumption may not only be associated with a reduced risk of overall prostate cancer, but also inversely associated with fatal and high-grade prostate cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

    Yu Lu, Limin Zhai, Qiliu Peng, Jian Wang, Yan Deng, Li Xie, Cuiju Mo, Shi Yang, Shan Li & Xue Qin

  2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liuzhou City People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

    Jie Zeng

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  1. Yu Lu
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  2. Limin Zhai
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  3. Jie Zeng
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Correspondence to Shan Li or Xue Qin.

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Yu Lu, Limin Zhai, and Jie Zeng have contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-first authors.

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Lu, Y., Zhai, L., Zeng, J. et al. Coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 25, 591–604 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-014-0364-8

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