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Legume intake and the risk of cancer: a multisite case–control study in Uruguay

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Abstract

Background

Previous studies have suggested that a high intake of legumes may decrease the risk of stomach and prostate cancer and some other cancers. However, the evidence is still limited. To further explore the association between legume intake and cancer risk we conducted a case–control study of 11 cancer sites in Uruguay between 1996 and 2004, including 3,539 cancer cases and 2,032 hospital controls.

Results

The highest versus the lowest tertile of legume intake was associated with a significant decrease in the risk of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34–0.68), esophagus (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.38–0.77), larynx (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.40–0.77), upper aerodigestive tract (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.40–0.63), stomach (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49–0.97), colorectum (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.32–0.59), kidney (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.24–0.71), and all sites combined (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.59–0.78). No significant association was observed between legume intake and cancers of the lung (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.83–1.27), breast (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.65–1.20), prostate (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.64–1.18) or bladder (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.57–1.17). Similar results were found for both beans and lentils.

Conclusion

Higher intake of legumes was associated with a decreased risk of several cancers including those of the upper aerodigestive tract, stomach, colorectum, and kidney, but not lung, breast, prostate or bladder. Further investigations of these associations in prospective cohort studies are warranted.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by a grant from International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1122, 0317, Oslo, Norway

    Dagfinn Aune

  2. Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Dagfinn Aune

  3. Grupo de Epidemiología, Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Eduardo De Stefani, Hugo Deneo-Pellegrini, Giselle Acosta & Maria Mendilaharsu

  4. Departamento de Epidemiologıa y Metodos Cientıficos, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Latinoamericano de Economıa Humana (CLAEH), Montevideo, Uruguay

    Alvaro Ronco

  5. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

    Paolo Boffetta

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  1. Dagfinn Aune
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Aune, D., De Stefani, E., Ronco, A. et al. Legume intake and the risk of cancer: a multisite case–control study in Uruguay. Cancer Causes Control 20, 1605–1615 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9406-z

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