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Physical activity and endometrial cancer risk: a review of the current evidence, biologic mechanisms and the quality of physical activity assessment methods

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Abstract

Objectives

To (1) determine the nature of the association between physical activity and endometrial cancer risk; (2) assess the contribution of variation in the quality of physical activity measurement to inconsistencies in study results; and (3) review the biologic mechanisms that might mediate possible effects of physical activity on risk.

Methods

We reviewed and summarized all published epidemiologic studies examining physical activity and endometrial cancer risk, and evidence relating to possible biologic mechanisms. We assigned each study a quality score for physical activity measurement.

Results

Fourteen of the 18 studies showed a convincing or possible protective effect of physical activity on endometrial cancer risk, with an average relative risk reduction of around 30%. A dose–response relation was observed in 7 of 13 studies. The quality score was not related to the observed strength of association or the presence of a dose–response relation. There was epidemiologic and biologic evidence that vigorous activity, as well as light and moderate intensity activities, such as housework, gardening or walking for transportation, may reduce risk.

Conclusions

Physical activity probably has a protective role in endometrial cancer development. More epidemiologic and biologic evidence is needed to make conclusive recommendations on optimal types, characteristics or time periods of physical activity.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Marla Orenstein for scoring the studies independently using the quality score criteria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Anne E. Cust, Bruce K. Armstrong & Adrian Bauman

  2. Nutrition and Hormones Unit, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon cedex 08, 69372, France

    Anne E. Cust & Nadia Slimani

  3. Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France

    Anne E. Cust

  4. Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia

    Bruce K. Armstrong

  5. Division of Population Health and Information, Alberta Cancer Board, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Christine M. Friedenreich

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  1. Anne E. Cust
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  2. Bruce K. Armstrong
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  3. Christine M. Friedenreich
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  5. Adrian Bauman
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Correspondence to Anne E. Cust.

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Financial support: Anne Cust is supported by a PhD scholarship (UPA) from the University of Sydney and a Research Scholar Award from the Cancer Institute NSW, Australia. Christine Friedenreich is supported by a Canadian Institutes for Health Research New Investigator Award and an Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research Health Scholar Award. Bruce Armstrong’s research is supported by a University of Sydney Medical Foundation Program Grant.

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Cust, A.E., Armstrong, B.K., Friedenreich, C.M. et al. Physical activity and endometrial cancer risk: a review of the current evidence, biologic mechanisms and the quality of physical activity assessment methods. Cancer Causes Control 18, 243–258 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-006-0094-7

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