Abstract
Choline monooxygenase (CMO) is the first regulatory enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for glycine betaine, an effective osmoprotectant in Kochia scoparia, a highly drought- and salt-tolerant species. In seedlings, CMO transcript levels are rapidly increased in response to both NaCl and osmotic stress treatments. The mRNA level in shoots was substantially higher than in roots. The rapid induction seen in whole plants was in contrast to the apparent down-regulation observed in suspension-cultured K. scoparia cells in response to the same salt stress. Treatment with exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) or fluridone shows that CMO induction proceeds via an ABA-independent signal transduction pathway. Examination of the CMO upstream regulatory region reveals a number of stress response-related elements, some of which may be involved in the stress tolerance shown by this species.
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Abbreviations
- ABA:
-
abscisic acid
- ABREs:
-
ABA-responsive elements
- ARF:
-
auxin response factor
- BADH:
-
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
- CMO:
-
choline monooxydase
- DRE:
-
dehydration-responsive element
- GB:
-
glycine betaine
- qRT-PCR:
-
reverse transcription quantitative PCR
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Acknowledgements: We thank Dr. Yerlan Turuspekov (Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Almati, Kazakhstan) for providing 18S rRNA primers, Dr. David Parrot (Department of Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University) for technical suggestions, and Ms. Kate McInnerney (Department of Microbiology, Core Facility, Montana State University) for qRT-PCR assistance.
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Kalinina, E.B., Keith, B.K., Kern, A.J. et al. Salt- and osmotic stress-induced choline monooxygenase expression in Kochia scoparia is ABA-independent. Biol Plant 56, 699–704 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-012-0132-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-012-0132-0