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Mercury and metabolic syndrome: a review of experimental and clinical observations

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Abstract

A significant interrelation between heavy metal exposure and metabolic syndrome (MetS) development has been demonstrated earlier. Despite the presence of a number of works aimed at the investigation of the role of Hg in MetS development, the existing data remain contradictory. Therefore, the primary objective of the current work is to review the existing data regarding the influence of mercury on universal mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the development of MetS and its components. The brief chemical characterization of mercury is provided. The role of mercury in induction of oxidative stress has been discussed. In particular, Hg-induced oxidative stress may occur due to both prooxidant action of the metal and decrease in antioxidant enzymes. Despite the absence of direct indications, it can be proposed that mercury may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress. As it is seen from both in vivo and in vitro studies, mercury is capable of inducing inflammation. The reviewed data demonstrate that mercury affects universal pathogenetic mechanisms of MetS development. Moreover, multiple investigations have indicated the role of mercury in pathogenesis of MetS components: dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity to a lesser extent. The present state of data regarding the interrelation between mercury and MetS denotes the following perspectives: (1) Further clinic-epidemiologic and experimental studies are required to estimate the association between mercury exposure and the development of MetS components, especially obesity; (2) Additional investigations of the possible effect of organism’s mercury content modulation on MetS pathogenesis should be undertaken.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Prof. Richard A. Anderson for helpful discussions and corrections of the manuscript. The current research is supported by Russian Ministry of Education and Science within project No. 2014/258-544.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya st., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia

    Alexey A. Tinkov & Anatoly V. Skalny

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Sovetskaya st., 6, Orenburg, 460000, Russia

    Alexey A. Tinkov, Elizaveta V. Popova, Olga N. Nemereshina, Evgenia R. Gatiatulina & Alexandr A. Nikonorov

  3. Department of Chemistry, Orenburg State Agrarian University, Chelyuskintsev st., 18, Orenburg, 460014, Russia

    Olga P. Ajsuvakova

  4. Department of Chemistry and Methods of Chemistry Teaching, Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Sovetskaya st., 19, Orenburg, 460014, Russia

    Olga P. Ajsuvakova

  5. Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, ANO “Centre for Biotic Medicine”, Zemlyanoy Val st. 46, Moscow, 105064, Russia

    Margarita G. Skalnaya & Anatoly V. Skalny

  6. Department of Chemistry of the Pharmaceutical Faculty, South Ural State Medical University, Vorovskogo st., 64, Chelyabinsk, 453092, Russia

    Anton I. Sinitskii

  7. Institute of Bioelementology (Russian Satellite Centre of Trace Element—Institute for UNESCO), Orenburg State University, Pobedy Ave. 13, Orenburg, 460352, Russia

    Anatoly V. Skalny

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  1. Alexey A. Tinkov
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  2. Olga P. Ajsuvakova
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  9. Anatoly V. Skalny
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Correspondence to Alexey A. Tinkov.

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Tinkov, A.A., Ajsuvakova, O.P., Skalnaya, M.G. et al. Mercury and metabolic syndrome: a review of experimental and clinical observations. Biometals 28, 231–254 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-015-9823-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-015-9823-2

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