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Zinc regulates the activity of kinase-phosphatase pair (BasPrkC/BasPrpC) in Bacillus anthracis

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Abstract

Bacillus anthracis Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC (BasPrkC) is important for virulence of the bacterium within the host. Homologs of PrkC and its cognate phosphatase PrpC (BasPrpC) are the most conserved mediators of signaling events in diverse bacteria. BasPrkC homolog in Bacillus subtilis regulates critical processes like spore germination and BasPrpC modulates the activity of BasPrkC by dephosphorylation. So far, biochemical and genetic studies have provided important insights into the roles of BasPrkC and BasPrpC; however, regulation of their activities is not known. We studied the regulation of BasPrkC/BasPrpC pair and observed that Zn2+ metal ions can alter their activities. Zn2+ promotes BasPrkC kinase activity while inhibits the BasPrpC phosphatase activity. Concentration of Zn2+ in growing B. anthracis cells was found to vary with growth phase. Zn2+ was found to be lowest in log phase cells while it was highest in spores. This variation in Zn2+ concentration is significant for understanding the antagonistic activities of BasPrkC/BasPrpC pair. Our results also show that BasPrkC activity is modulated by temperature changes and kinase inhibitors. Additionally, we identified Elongation Factor Tu (BasEf-Tu) as a substrate of BasPrkC/BasPrpC pair and assessed the impact of their regulation on BasEf-Tu phosphorylation. Based on these results, we propose Zn2+ as an important regulator of BasPrkC/BasPrpC mediated phosphorylation cascades. Thus, this study reveals additional means by which BasPrkC can be activated leading to autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support to the work was provided by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)—funded project BSC-0104. We thank Dr. V. C. Kalia (CSIR—Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi) for critical reading of the manuscript. We also thank Jayadev Joshi and Mritunjay Saxena for help in protein modeling and docking studies. We are grateful to Dr. Vinay Kumar Jain, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, for help in performing ICP-OES experiments.

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  1. CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India

    Gunjan Arora, Andaleeb Sajid, Mary Diana Arulanandh, Richa Misra, Anshika Singhal, Santosh Kumar, Lalit K. Singh, Abid R. Mattoo, Rishi Raj, Souvik Maiti & Yogendra Singh

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Gunjan Arora & Sharmila Basu-Modak

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  1. Gunjan Arora
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Gunjan Arora and Andaleeb Sajid have contributed equally to this manuscript.

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Arora, G., Sajid, A., Arulanandh, M.D. et al. Zinc regulates the activity of kinase-phosphatase pair (BasPrkC/BasPrpC) in Bacillus anthracis . Biometals 26, 715–730 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-013-9646-y

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