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Methane fluxes and the functional groups of methanotrophs and methanogens in a young Arctic landscape on Disko Island, West Greenland

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Abstract

Arctic soils are known to be important methane (CH4) consumers and sources. This study integrates in situ fluxes of CH4 between upland and wetland soils with potential rates of CH4 oxidation and production as well as abundance and diversity of the methanotrophs and methanogens measured with pyrosequencing of 16S DNA and rRNA fragments in soil and permafrost layers. Here, the spatial patterns of in situ CH4 fluxes for a 2,000 years old Arctic landscape in West Greenland reveal similar CH4 uptake rates (−4 ± 0.3 μmol m−2 h−1) as in other Arctic sites, but lower CH4 emissions (14 ± 1.5 μmol m−2 h−1) at wetland sites compared to other Arctic wetlands. Potential CH4 oxidation was similar for upland and wetland soils, but the wetter soils produced more CH4 in active and permafrost layers. Accordingly, the abundance of methanogenic archaea was highest in wetland soils. The methanotrophic community also differed between upland and wetland soils, with predominant activity of Type II methanotrophs in the active layer for upland soils, but only Type I methanotrophs for the wetland. In the permafrost of upland and wetland soils, activity of the methanotrophs belonging to Type I and Type II as well as methanogens were detected. This study indicates that the magnitude of CH4 oxidation and the direction of the flux, i.e. uptake or emission, are linked to different methanotrophic communities in upland and wetland soils. Also, the observed link between production/consumption rates and the microbial abundance and activity indicates that the age of an Arctic landscape is not important for the CH4 consumption but can be very important for CH4 production. Considering the prevalence of dry landscapes and contrasting ages of high Arctic soils, our results highlight that well-drained soils should not be overlooked as an important component of Arctic net CH4 budget.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge financial support to this study from the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100) as well as PERMAGAS, Geocenter Danmark project 6-2010 and the Faculty of Science at University of Copenhagen. Lars Hestbjerg and Carsten Suhr at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) are thanked for support to carry out the molecular work and pyro-sequencing at the molecular biology laboratory at GEUS. Also, we extend our gratitude to the students being involved in field measurements, to the staff from Arctic Station for providing the logistical support and many comments and constructive suggestions made by journal reviewers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Jesper Riis Christiansen, Alejandro Jose Barrera Romero, Christian Juncher Jørgensen, Louise Kristine Berg & Bo Elberling

  2. Department of Forest and Conservation Science, University of British Columbia, Main Mall 2424, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Jesper Riis Christiansen

  3. Department of Biology and Geology, Universidad de Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain

    Alejandro Jose Barrera Romero

  4. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark

    Niels O. G. Jørgensen & Mikkel Andreas Glaring

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  1. Jesper Riis Christiansen
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  2. Alejandro Jose Barrera Romero
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  3. Niels O. G. Jørgensen
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  5. Christian Juncher Jørgensen
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  6. Louise Kristine Berg
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Correspondence to Bo Elberling.

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Christiansen, J.R., Romero, A.J.B., Jørgensen, N.O.G. et al. Methane fluxes and the functional groups of methanotrophs and methanogens in a young Arctic landscape on Disko Island, West Greenland. Biogeochemistry 122, 15–33 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0026-7

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