Abstract
Introduced species have the potential to outperform natives via the introduction of new parasites to which the native ecosystem is vulnerable. Cryptic diversity within an invasive species can obscure invasion patterns and confound proper management measures. The aim of this study is to use coalescent theory based methodology to trace recent routes of invasion in populations of Ligula intestinalis, a globally distributed fish parasite possessing both native and recently introduced populations in North Africa. Molecular analyses of mitochondrial DNA discerned a pronounced genetic divergence between introduced and native populations. Distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes demonstrated common origin of European populations with North African parasites sampled from introduced fish species in Tunisia. To test the suggested pathway of introduction, microsatellite data were examined in a model-based coalescent analysis using the software MIGRATE, where Europe to Tunisia direction of migration was favoured over alternative hypotheses of gene flow. Specificity of Tunisian populations to different host species was assessed in an epidemiologic survey confirming prevailing host-based division between introduced and native parasites in North Africa. This approach combining advanced analysis of molecular markers with host-specificity data allows revealing the evolution of host-parasite interactions following biological invasion and provides basis for devising future management measurements.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Abdessalem Arab, Sonia Thabet, Abdelkader Lounaci and Mejdeddine Kraïem for providing part of the Ligula samples. The study was supported by the Embassy of France in Tunisia and by the Czech Science Foundation (projects No. 206/08/1019, 506/12/1632). Research stay of JŠ in the Natural History Museum was funded by Marie Curie Fellowship (project no. 235123, FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008). PB was partly supported by American National Science Foundation grants DEB 0822626 and DEB 1145999. Part of the computations were performed using the computing and storage facilities owned by parties and projects contributing to the National Grid Infrastructure MetaCentrum (provided under the programme Projects of Large Infrastructure for Research, Development, and Innovations, LM2010005) and using the Florida State University High Performance Computing facility.
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Bouzid, W., Štefka, J., Bahri-Sfar, L. et al. Pathways of cryptic invasion in a fish parasite traced using coalescent analysis and epidemiological survey. Biol Invasions 15, 1907–1923 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0418-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0418-y