Abstract
A first-order model for a stock market assigns to each stock a return parameter and a variance parameter that depend only on the rank of the stock. A second-order model assigns these parameters based on both the rank and the name of the stock. First- and second-order models exhibit stability properties that make them appropriate as a backdrop for the analysis of the idiosyncratic behavior of individual stocks. Methods for the estimation of the parameters of second-order models are developed in this paper.
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Fernholz, R., Ichiba, T. & Karatzas, I. A second-order stock market model. Ann Finance 9, 439–454 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10436-012-0193-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10436-012-0193-2