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Risks of Avian Influenza Transmission in Areas of Intensive Free-Ranging Duck Production with Wild Waterfowl

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Abstract

For decades, southern China has been considered to be an important source for emerging influenza viruses since key hosts live together in high densities in areas with intensive agriculture. However, the underlying conditions of emergence and spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV) have not been studied in detail, particularly the complex spatiotemporal interplay of viral transmission between wild and domestic ducks, two major actors of AIV epidemiology. In this synthesis, we examine the risks of avian influenza spread in Poyang Lake, an area of intensive free-ranging duck production and large numbers of wild waterfowl. Our synthesis shows that farming of free-grazing domestic ducks is intensive in this area and synchronized with wild duck migration. The presence of juvenile domestic ducks in harvested paddy fields prior to the arrival and departure of migrant ducks in the same fields may amplify the risk of AIV circulation and facilitate the transmission between wild and domestic populations. We provide evidence associating wild ducks migration with the spread of H5N1 in the spring of 2008 from southern China to South Korea, Russia, and Japan, supported by documented wild duck movements and phylogenetic analyses of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 sequences. We suggest that prevention measures based on a modification of agricultural practices may be implemented in these areas to reduce the intensity of AIV transmission between wild and domestic ducks. This would require involving all local stakeholders to discuss feasible and acceptable solutions.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH 1R01AI101028-01A1), a grant from the NIH Fogarty International Center (R01-TW007869) through the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases program, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the U.S. Geological Survey, and a grant from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Public Health Program (NNX11AF66G). Julien Cappelle was supported by the Gripavi project funded by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. We thank Martine Duportal for her help in designing the figures and Isa Woo with editorial assistance. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIRAD-ES, UR AGIRs, TA C 22/E, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France

    Julien Cappelle & Nicolas Gaidet

  2. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA

    Julien Cappelle, Delong Zhao & Xiangming Xiao

  3. Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Bd Monivong, BP 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

    Julien Cappelle

  4. Biological Control and Spatial Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, av FD Roosevelt, 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Marius Gilbert

  5. Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifiques, rue d’Egmont 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium

    Marius Gilbert

  6. Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Martha I. Nelson

  7. Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) Programme - Vietnam Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Hanoi, Vietnam

    Scott H. Newman

  8. U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, Vallejo, CA, USA

    John Y. Takekawa

  9. U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA

    Diann J. Prosser

  10. School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China

    Ying Liu & Peng Li

  11. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Peng Li

  12. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 155 Changbai Road, Beijing, China

    Yuelong Shu

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  1. Julien Cappelle
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  2. Delong Zhao
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  3. Marius Gilbert
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  6. John Y. Takekawa
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  12. Xiangming Xiao
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Correspondence to Julien Cappelle.

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Cappelle, J., Zhao, D., Gilbert, M. et al. Risks of Avian Influenza Transmission in Areas of Intensive Free-Ranging Duck Production with Wild Waterfowl. EcoHealth 11, 109–119 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-014-0914-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-014-0914-2

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