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Normal pressure hydrocephalus or neuroborreliosis?

Normaldruck-Hydrozephalus oder Neuroborreliose?

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Zusammenfassung

GRUNDLAGEN: Eine 80-jährige Patientin litt an einer seit 6 Monaten progredienten Störung ihrer kognitiven Fähigkeiten und zunehmend schlechter werdendem ataktischen Gang. Das MRT des Schädels zeigte vergrößerte Ventrikel und periventrikuläre Resorptionszonen. Deutliche Verbesserung ihrer Beschwerden nach dem Liquorauslassversuch ließen vorerst auf ein Normdruckhydrozephalus-Syndrom schließen. Eine Pleozytose mit aktivierten Lymphozyten und Plasmazellen sowie der Nachweis von intrathekalen Borrelia Burgdorferi spezifischen Antikörpern bestätigten jedoch eine aktive Neuroborreliose. Eine völlige Remission wurde nach einer Behandlung mit Ceftriaxon erreicht. METHODIK: Neurologische Untersuchung, MMSE, MRT des Schädels, Lumbalpunktion, Liquorauslassversuch. ERGEBNISSE: Eine Infektion mit Borrelia burgdoferi verursachte eine chronische Meningitis und Demenz. Vollständige Remission wurde durch intravenöse Therapie mit 2 g. Ceftriaxon pro Tag über 4 Wochen erreicht. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Seltene, aber behandelbare (sekundäre) Demenzen müssen schnell diagnostiziert werden, um entweder den Abbau kognitiver Fähigkeiten zu bremsen oder kognitive Fähigkeiten wieder herzustellen.

Summary

BACKGROUND: An 80-year-old woman presented with progressive cognitive decline and with a 6-month history of gait ataxia. Brain MRI depicted enlarged ventricles and periventricular lesions. Clinical improvement after CSF spinal tap test suggested a normal pressure hydrocephalus syndrome. But CSF pleocytosis with activated lymphocytes and plasma cells and intrathecal Borrelia burgdorferi specific antibody production led to the diagnosis of active Lyme neuroborreliosis. Clinical symptoms of NPH resolved after a course of ceftriaxone. METHODS: Neurological examination, MMSE, brain MRI, lumbar puncture, spinal tap test. RESULTS: Dementia due Borrelia burgdorferi infection with chronic meningitis was reversible after treatment with iv.2 g ceftriaxone per day for 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Rare but treatable dementias must be diagnosed promptly to slow down or even reverse cognitive decline.

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Abbreviations

CADASIL:

cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy; subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

CNS:

central nervous system

CSF:

cerebrospinal fluid

IgG:

immunoglobulin G

IgM:

immunoglobulin M

BBIgG:

Borrelia burgdorferi specific (BB) IgG

ICP:

intracranial pressure

NPH:

normal pressure hydrocephalus

MMSE:

Mini-Mental Status Examination

MRI:

magnetic resonance imaging

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Correspondence to Fahmy Aboul-Enein.

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Aboul-Enein, F., Kristoferitsch, W. Normal pressure hydrocephalus or neuroborreliosis?. Wien Med Wochenschr 159, 58–61 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-008-0581-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-008-0581-4

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