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Peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation as a systemic inflammatory response in ischemic stroke

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Abstract

Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. The activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) plays an important role in the inflammatory response after ischemic stroke. However, in the current literature, there are few studies discussing the process and role of peripheral PMNL activation. Here, we give a comprehensive description of peripheral PMNL activation after ischemic stroke and discuss their potential roles in the process of ischemic injury. Based on our analysis, peripheral PMNL activation is supposed to be attributed to systemic inflammatory response to cerebral ischemic insult, not reflecting the activity of PMNL in local ischemic brain. Inhibiting peripheral PMNL activation in stroke animals has been effective in reducing infarction and improving behavioral outcome; thus, the same approach of inhibiting peripheral PMNL activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for stroke patients.

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Abbreviations

PMNL:

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1 beta

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

CAM:

Cell adhesion molecules

PSGL-1:

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1

SLe x:

Sialyl Lewis x

CD11a:

Cluster of differentiation molecule 11a

LFA-1:

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1

Mac-1:

Macrophage-1

ICAM-1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1

VCAM-1:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

NGAL:

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin

NP4:

Neutrophil proteinase 4

ROCK:

Rho-associated protein kinase

CDC42:

Cell division control protein 42

MACO:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor

NIHSS:

National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale

dMRI:

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging

CT:

Computed tomography

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Medjaden Bioscience Limited for careful edition and proofread work. We also acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (81171239).

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There is no competing interest.

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  1. Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoye Mo, Ting Li, Guang Ji, Wei Lu & Zhiping Hu

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  1. Xiaoye Mo
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Mo, X., Li, T., Ji, G. et al. Peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation as a systemic inflammatory response in ischemic stroke. Neurol Sci 34, 1509–1516 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-013-1447-0

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