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Surface chemistry and electronics of semiconductor–nanosystem junctions II: enzyme immobilization, charge transport aspects and scanning probe microscopy imaging

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Abstract

Photoelectrochemically prepared and vapor-phase-induced surface nanotopographies are used for immobilization of enzymes at specific surface sites. The specific nanostructure of step-bunched silicon where the step edges are negatively charged and that of MoTe2, characterized by negatively charged triangular growth defects, are successfully employed for enzyme immobilization. It is shown that, at pH values below the isoelectric point of the enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT), electrostatic interaction via the Debye length of 3–4 nm and the shorter ranged van der Waals attraction superimpose for enzyme adsorption at negatively charged surface sites. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of reverse transcriptases deposited onto the layered semiconductor MoTe2 are interpreted in analogy to semiconductor–insulator–metal (MIS) device physics by analyzing the electronic properties of the junction between Pt tip (metal), biomolecule (insulator), and n-MoTe2 (semiconductor). The uninhibited current flow in constant-current STM experiments is tentatively interpreted by salvation-assisted detrapping of electrons along the circumference of the proteins where biological water is present. Imaging of the RTs on step-bunched silicon surfaces with tapping mode atomic force microscopy shows spatially selective deposition at negatively charged step edges.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interface Engineering Group, Division of Solar Energy, Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Berlin, Germany

    H. J. Lewerenz & K. Skorupska

  2. School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Portsmouth University, Portsmouth, UK

    J. R. Smith & S. A. Campbell

Authors
  1. H. J. Lewerenz
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  2. K. Skorupska
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  3. J. R. Smith
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  4. S. A. Campbell
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. J. Lewerenz.

Additional information

Contribution to the Fall Meeting of the European Materials Research Society, Symposium D: 9th International Symposium on Electrochemical/Chemical Reactivity of Metastable Materials, Warsaw, 17th–21st September, 2007

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Lewerenz, H.J., Skorupska, K., Smith, J.R. et al. Surface chemistry and electronics of semiconductor–nanosystem junctions II: enzyme immobilization, charge transport aspects and scanning probe microscopy imaging. J Solid State Electrochem 13, 195–203 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-008-0641-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-008-0641-0

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