Abstract
Objectives
Self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants can be used as temporary devices for orthodontic treatments. Our main goal was to evaluate surface characteristics, roughness and wettability, of surface modified mini-implants to increase their stability during orthodontic treatment without inducing bone fracture and tissue destruction during unscrewing.
Materials and methods
Modified mini-implants by acid etching, grit-blasting and its combination were implanted in 20 New Zealand rabbits during 10 weeks. After that, the bone-to-implant (BIC) parameter was determined and the torque during unscrewing was measured. The surface characteristics, roughness and wettability, were also measured, onto modified Ti c.p. discs.
Results
Acid-etched mini-implants (R a ≈ 1.7 μm, contact angle (CA) ≈ 66°) significantly improved the bone-to-implant parameter, 26 %, compared to as-machined mini-implants (R a ≈ 0.3 μm, CA ≈ 68°, BIC = 19 %) due to its roughness. Moreover, this surface treatment did not modify torque during unscrewing due to their statistically similar wettability (p > 0.05). Surface treatments with higher roughness and hydrophobicity (R a ≈ 4.5 μm, CA ≈ 74°) lead to a greater BIC and to a higher removal torque during unscrewing, causing bone fracture, compared to as-machined mini-implants.
Conclusions
Based on these in vivo findings, we conclude that acid-etching surface treatment can support temporary anchoring of titanium mini-implants.
Clinical relevance
This treatment represents a step forward in the direction of reducing the time prior to mini-implant loading by increasing their stability during orthodontic treatment, without inducing bone fracture and tissue destruction during unscrewing.
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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Funding
The work was supported by the Spanish Government through project MAT 2012-30706, co-funded by the EU through European Regional Development Funds, and the Agency for Administration of University and Research Grants of the Government of Catalonia (2014 SGR 1333).
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All procedures in this study were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the University of Córdoba (Spain).
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Espinar-Escalona, E., Bravo-Gonzalez, LA., Pegueroles, M. et al. Roughness and wettability effect on histological and mechanical response of self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants. Clin Oral Invest 20, 1115–1120 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1770-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1770-y