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The Late Cretaceous igneous rocks of Romania (Apuseni Mountains and Banat): the possible role of amphibole versus plagioclase deep fractionation in two different crustal terranes

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Abstract

We provide new whole-rock major and trace elements as well as 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotopic data of a suite of samples collected in the Late Cretaceous volcanic and plutonic bodies of the Apuseni Mts. (Romania) that belong to the Banatitic Magmatic and Metallogenic Belt, also called the Apuseni–Banat–Timok–Srednogorie belt. The samples define a medium- to high-K calc-alkaline differentiation trend that can be predicted by a three-step fractional crystallization process which probably took place in upper crustal magma chambers. Published experimental data indicate that the parent magma (Mg# = 0.47) of the Apuseni Mts. trend could have been produced by the lower crustal differentiation of a primary (in equilibrium with a mantle source) magma. The Late Cretaceous magmatic rocks of the Apuseni Mts. and Banat display overlapping major and trace element trends except that Sr is slightly lower and Ga is higher in the Apuseni Mts. parent magma. This difference can be accounted for by fractionating plagioclase-bearing (Apuseni Mts.) or amphibole-bearing (Banat) cumulates during the lower crustal differentiation of the primary magma to the composition of the parent magma of both trends. This, together with results obtained on the Late Cretaceous igneous rocks from the Timok area in Eastern Serbia, further suggests variation of the water content of the primary magma along and across the belt. The Apuseni Mts. versus the Banat samples display different isotopic compositions that likely resulted from the assimilation of two distinct crustal contaminants, in agreement with their emplacement in two separate mega-units of Alpine Europe.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the CGRI of Belgium to J. Vander Auwera and by FNRS Grants 2.4530.98 and 2.4512.00. It is partly based on the work carried out by J. Gesels during her Master’s degree. The authors would like to thank C. Pin (Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand) for his contribution during the radiogenic isotopes analyses. Careful reviews by N. Bonev and P. Barbey improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, University of Liege, 4000, Sart Tilman, Belgium

    Jacqueline Vander Auwera, Julie Gesels & Alain Dupont

  2. Institutul Geologic al României, 1 Caransebeș street, 78344, Bucharest, Romania

    Tudor Berza & Alain Dupont

  3. Laboratoire de Géologie, Université Blaise Pascal, 5 Rue Kessler, 63038, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Alain Dupont

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  1. Jacqueline Vander Auwera
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  2. Tudor Berza
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  3. Julie Gesels
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  4. Alain Dupont
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Correspondence to Jacqueline Vander Auwera.

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Fig. 1

Comparison of the major element composition of Late Cretaceous igneous rocks from the Apuseni Mts. and Banat (Dupont et al., 2002) with samples from the Adamello (Macera et al., 1983) and Bergell (von Blanckenburg et al., 1992) intrusion from the Alps (EPS 804 kb)

Fig. 2

Comparison of the trace element composition of Late Cretaceous igneous rocks from the Apuseni Mts. and Banat (Dupont et al., 2002) with samples from the Adamello (Macera et al., 1983) and Bergell (von Blanckenburg et al., 1992) intrusion from the Alps (EPS 778 kb)

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Vander Auwera, J., Berza, T., Gesels, J. et al. The Late Cretaceous igneous rocks of Romania (Apuseni Mountains and Banat): the possible role of amphibole versus plagioclase deep fractionation in two different crustal terranes. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 105, 819–847 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-015-1210-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-015-1210-2

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