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A naturally heterogeneous landscape can effectively slow down the dispersal of aquatic microcrustaceans

  • Community ecology - Original research
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Abstract

Several studies have suggested that aquatic microcrustaceans are relatively efficient dispersers in a variety of landscapes, whereas others have indicated dispersal limitation at large spatial scales or under specific circumstances. Based on a survey of a set of recently created ponds in an area of approximately 18 × 25 km, we found multiple indications of dispersal limitation affecting the community assembly of microcrustacean communities. Spatial patterns in the community composition were better explained by the geomorphological structure of the landscape than by mere geographic distances. This suggests that ridges separating the network of valleys act as dispersal barriers, and as such may channel the dispersal routes of the studied taxa and, likely, also of their animal vectors. Dispersal limitation was further supported by a strong positive relationship between species richness and the abundance of neighboring water bodies, suggesting that isolation affects colonization rates. Finally, the apparent dispersal limitation of microcrustaceans is further corroborated by the observation of low colonization rates in newly dug experimental ponds in the study area.

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Acknowledgments

M. Šorf, J. Hotový and B. Nová helped in the field, J. Fott, V. Sacherová, M. Bláha, and M. Šorf during species determination, Z. Juračková, M. Lulay and J. Vojta with assessing the spatial distribution and maps. Statistical analyses could not have been done without the important advice of P. Keil and V. Jarošík. Predator taxa—true bugs, dragonflies and aquatic beetles—were identified by the following specialists: P. Kment, T. Soldán, J. Dobiáš, D. Boukal, J. Klecka and T. Ditrich. We thank R. Symonová for her useful advice on ostracod identification. Two anonymous reviewers and J. Shurin provided useful comments to previous versions of the manuscript. The study was funded by the EuroCORES/EuroDIVERSITY project BIOPOOL (supported through the Czech Science Foundation Project No. DIV/06/E007), the Charles University in Prague (SVV 260198).

Author contribution statement

LB and AP originally formulated the idea. PJJ and LB conducted the fieldwork. DV and MČ conducted the field experiment. PJJ and DV analyzed the samples. PJJ, SAJD and AP proceeded the statistical analyses. PJJ, AP and SAJD wrote the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic

    Petr J. Juračka, Daniel Vondrák, Martin Černý & Adam Petrusek

  2. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Postbus 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Steven A. J. Declerck

  3. Agency for Nature Protection and Landscape Conservation of the Czech Republic, Kokořínsko - Máchův kraj Protected Landscape Area Administration, Česká 149, 276 01, Mělník, Czech Republic

    Luboš Beran

  4. Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic

    Daniel Vondrák

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  1. Petr J. Juračka
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Correspondence to Petr J. Juračka.

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Communicated by Jonathan Shurin.

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Juračka, P.J., Declerck, S.A.J., Vondrák, D. et al. A naturally heterogeneous landscape can effectively slow down the dispersal of aquatic microcrustaceans. Oecologia 180, 785–796 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3501-5

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