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Interference with the 19S proteasomal regulatory complex subunit PSMD4 on the sperm surface inhibits sperm-zona pellucida penetration during porcine fertilization

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Abstract

Proteolysis of ubiquitinated sperm and oocyte proteins by the 26S proteasome is necessary for the success of mammalian fertilization, including but not limited to acrosomal exocytosis and sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) penetration. The present study examined the role of PSMD4, an essential non-ATPase subunit of the proteasomal 19S regulatory complex responsible for proteasome-substrate recognition, in sperm-ZP penetration during porcine fertilization in vitro (IVF). Porcine sperm-ZP penetration, but not sperm-ZP binding, was blocked in the presence of a monoclonal anti-PSMD4 antibody during IVF. Inclusion in the fertilization medium of mutant ubiquitins (Ub+1 and Ub5+1), which are refractory to processing by the 19S regulatory complex and associated with Alzheimer’s disease, also inhibited fertilization. This observation suggested that subunit PSMD4 is exposed on the sperm acrosomal surface, a notion that was further supported by the binding of non-cell permeant, biotinylated proteasomal inhibitor ZL3VS to the sperm acrosome. Immunofluorescence localized PSMD4 in the sperm acrosome. Immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis revealed that PSMD4 co-precipitated with porcine sperm-associated acrosin inhibitor (AI). Ubiquitinated species of AI were isolated from boar sperm extracts by affinity purification of ubiquitinated proteins using the recombinant UBA domain of p62 protein. Some proteasomes appeared to be anchored to the sperm head inner acrosomal membrane, as documented by co-fractionation studies. In conclusion, the 19S regulatory complex subunit PSMD4 is involved in the sperm-ZP penetration during fertilization. The recognition of substrates on the ZP by the 19S proteasomal regulatory complex is essential for the success of porcine/mammalian fertilization in vitro.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Animal Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Health, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Young-Joo Yi, Gaurishankar Manandhar, Miriam Sutovsky, Shawn W. Zimmerman & Peter Sutovsky

  2. Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea

    Young-Joo Yi & Chang-Sik Park

  3. Laboratory of Diagnostic for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic

    Věra Jonáková

  4. School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Fred W. van Leeuwen

  5. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

    Richard Oko

  6. University of Missouri-Columbia, S141 ASRC, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211-5300, USA

    Young-Joo Yi

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  1. Young-Joo Yi
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  2. Gaurishankar Manandhar
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  3. Miriam Sutovsky
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  4. Shawn W. Zimmerman
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  5. Věra Jonáková
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  6. Fred W. van Leeuwen
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  7. Richard Oko
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  8. Chang-Sik Park
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  9. Peter Sutovsky
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Correspondence to Young-Joo Yi.

Additional information

This work was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant #2007–01319 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, and the Food for the 21st Century Program of the University of Missouri-Columbia. Y.-J.Y. was in part supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MEST) (No. 2010–0001356). F.W.v.L. was supported by the Internationale Stichting Alzheimer Onderzoek (ISAO grant no.06502/09514), The International Parkinson Foundation and the Hersenstichting, projects, grants no.12F04.01 and 15F07.48). V.J. was supported by grants from GACR (grant no. 303/09/1285) and MSMT (grant no.1M06011) and IGA, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (grant no. NS 10009-4).

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Supplemental Data Fig. 1 (for web publication)

Visualization of acrosomal exocytosis and binding of the antibodies against subunit PSMD4 to the zona-bound boar sperm acrosomes during porcine IVF. In order to examine whether subunit PSMD4 contributes to sperm-ZP binding and acrosomal exocytosis shortly after sperm-oocyte mixing, ova were fertilized in the presence of different concentrations of mouse anti-PSMD4 antibody or without antibody, and fixed at 30 min after fertilization. The fixed ova, fertilized in the presence of anti-PSMD4 antibody, were incubated with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against sperm acrosomal tyrosine kinase YES, which detects intact acrosomes in ZP-bound boar spermatozoa (Sutovsky et al. 2004a), followed by incubation with a mixture of GAM-IgG-FITC and DAPI (DNA stain; blue). Panel (a) shows double-positive labeling at high magnification, panel (b) is a negative control for PSMD4 (with positive signal for YES), and panel (c) is a double positive labeling at low magnification (JPEG 120 kb).

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Yi, YJ., Manandhar, G., Sutovsky, M. et al. Interference with the 19S proteasomal regulatory complex subunit PSMD4 on the sperm surface inhibits sperm-zona pellucida penetration during porcine fertilization. Cell Tissue Res 341, 325–340 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-010-0988-2

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