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Emerging role of Indian ocean on Indian northeast monsoon

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Abstract

This study examines the emerging role of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) on the inter-annual variability (IAV) of Indian north-east monsoon rainfall (NEMR). The IAV of NEMR is associated with the warm SST anomaly over east Bay-of-Bengal (BoB) (88.5oE–98.5oE; 8.5oN–15.5oN) and cool SST anomaly over east equatorial Indian Ocean (80.5oE–103.5oE; 6.5oS–3.5oN). The gradient of SST between these boxes (i.e. northern box minus southern box) shows strong and robust association with the Indian NEMR variability in the recent decades. For establishing the teleconnections, SST, mean sea level pressure, North Indian Ocean tropical storm track, and circulation data have been used. The study reveals that during the positive SST gradient years, the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) shifts northwards over the East Indian Ocean. The tropical depressions, storms and cyclones formed in the North Indian Ocean moves more zonally and strike the southern peninsular India and hence excess NEMR. While, during the negative SST gradient years, the ITCZ shifts southwards over the Indian Ocean. The tropical depressions, storms and cyclones formed in the North Indian Ocean moves more northwestward direction and after crossing 15oN latitude re-curve to north-east direction towards head BoB and misses southern peninsular India and hence, deficient NEMR.

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Acknowledgments

The author is also grateful to the “Development of a Seasonal Prediction System for Indian Monsoon Program” Group, Indian Institute of Tropical meteorology (IITM), for their constant encouragement and kind help. The data have been taken from Web sites. Computational and graphical analyses required for this study have been completed with Ferret, NCL and xmgrace. The author sincerely thanks both the anonymous reviewers, whose comments and critiques improved the quality of the manuscript.

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  1. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India

    Ramesh Kumar Yadav

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Yadav, R.K. Emerging role of Indian ocean on Indian northeast monsoon. Clim Dyn 41, 105–116 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1637-0

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