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Authigenic carbonate mineral formation in the Pagassitikos palaeolake during the latest Pleistocene, central Greece

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Abstract

The Pagassitikos Gulf in Greece is a semi-enclosed bay with a maximum depth of 102 m. According to the present-day bathymetric configuration and the sea level during the latest Pleistocene, the gulf would have been isolated from the open sea, forming a palaeolake since ~32 cal. ka b.p. Sediment core B-4 was recovered from the deepest sector of the gulf and revealed evidence of a totally different depositional environment in the lowest part of the core: this contained light grey-coloured sediments, contrasting strongly with overlying olive grey muds. Multi-proxy analyses showed the predominance of carbonate minerals (aragonite, dolomite and calcite) and gypsum in the lowest part of the core. Carbonate mineral deposition can be attributed to autochthonous precipitation that took place in a saline palaeolake with high evaporation rates during the last glacial–early deglacial period; the lowest core sample to be AMS 14C dated provided an age of 19.53 cal. ka b.p. The palaeolake was presumably reconnected to the open sea at ~13.2 cal. ka b.p. during the last sea-level rise, marking the commencement of marine sedimentation characterised by the predominance of terrigenous aluminosilicates and fairly constant depositional conditions lasting up to the present day.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partly supported by the Pythagoras II Project, which is co-funded by the European Social Fund and national resources (EPEAEK Programme). We wish to thank A. Papageorgiou and M. Taxiarchi for laboratory assistance, P. Drakopoulou and H. Kyriakidou for figure handling, and V. Kapsimalis for adapting the Lambeck and Purcell (2005) sea-level curve to the Pagassitikos Gulf. We are also grateful to Nils Andersen (Leibniz Laboratory of Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research) for isotope analyses. The manuscript benefitted from constructive assessments by S.F. Crowley and three anonymous reviewers, as well as helpful comments from the journal editors.

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  1. Vasileios Mavromatis

    Present address: Geosciences Environment Toulouse (GET), CNRS, UMR 5563, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 Av. E. Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Avenue, 19013, Anavyssos, Greece

    Aristomenis P. Karageorgis, Theodore D. Kanellopoulos, Christos L. Anagnostou & Efthymios K. Tripsanas

  2. Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research GEOMAR, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany

    Vasileios Mavromatis & Mark Schmidt

  3. Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece

    Eleni Koutsopoulou

  4. Faculty of Geography, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str., 17671, Athens, Greece

    Kosmas Pavlopoulos

  5. Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden

    Rolf O. Hallberg

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Karageorgis, A.P., Kanellopoulos, T.D., Mavromatis, V. et al. Authigenic carbonate mineral formation in the Pagassitikos palaeolake during the latest Pleistocene, central Greece. Geo-Mar Lett 33, 13–29 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-012-0306-y

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