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Ecologically Driven Competence for Exogenous DNA Uptake in Yeast

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Abstract

Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic organisms do not seem to be equipped with natural cell process(es) designated for exogenous DNA uptake. However, it is barely known that under laboratory circumstances resembling wild fungal environment(s), at least some lower eukaryotes could become naturally competent for exogenous DNA uptake. Thus, apart from the known fact that non-manipulated cells of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae take exogenous DNA by conjugation with certain bacteria, there are also mechanical and physiological mechanisms enabling their transformation under environmental conditions. This clearly shows that lower eukaryotes are amenable to transformation without applying man-made technology (i.e., naturally). However, this topic failed to raise critical scientific interest. Therefore, this review aims to scrutinize the overall implication of the phenomenon stressing its fundamental and applicable importance. It also summarizes all axiomatic laboratory circumstances/vehicles hitherto known to provoke yeast competence naturally and critically discusses plausible mechanisms behind. Possible pathways underlying the phenomenon are emphasized and a unifying model is proposed. This story potentially spans several different research fields, from evolutionary genetics to genetic transformation technology.

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Notes

  1. [36] used protocol described in [25]; Hayama et al. described the transforming cells as “intact and flawless” since their general intention was to develop a novel transformation approach relying exactly on minimal or no manipulation.

  2. [82] used protocol described in [76]—protocols from [25] and [76] relay solely on early- to mid-log cells and PEG.

  3. Yeast cells were grown in rich medium to concentration of 1 × 108 cells/ml before being washed and challenged by free DNA in 1 M sucrose at a density of 1.5 × 109 cells/ml.

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Acknowledgments

I wish to thank Dr. Željko Svedružić (Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka) for critical reading of the manuscript and improving the English.

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  1. Petar Tomev Mitrikeski

    Present address: Laboratory for Evolutionary Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

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  1. Institute for Research and Development of Sustainable Ecosystems, FSB-CTT, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Petar Tomev Mitrikeski

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This article is dedicated to my late father who fostered my love for natural sciences.

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Mitrikeski, P.T. Ecologically Driven Competence for Exogenous DNA Uptake in Yeast. Curr Microbiol 70, 883–893 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-015-0808-8

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