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Protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by Spirulina in rats

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Abstract

Purpose: Cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with the increased generation of reactive oxygen metabolites and lipid peroxidation in kidney, caused by the decreased levels of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Spirulina, blue–green alga with antioxidant properties, in the protection of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Methods: Rats were treated with CP (6 mg/kg bw, single dose, intraperitoneally). Spirulina (1,000 mg/kg) was administered orally for 8 days and CP treatment was given on day 4. Nephrotoxicity was assessed, 6 days after the CP treatment, by measuring plasma urea, creatinine, urinary N-acetyl-(d-glucose-aminidase) (β-NAG) and histopathology of kidney. Results: Rats treated with CP showed marked nephrotoxicity as evidenced from the significant elevation in plasma urea, creatinine and urinary β-NAG. Histological assessment revealed marked proximal tubular necrosis and extensive epithelial vacuolization in the kidney of CP-treated rats. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased and lipid peroxidation was increased in kidney tissue. Pretreatment with Spirulina protected the rats from CP-induced nephrotoxicity. The rise in plasma urea, creatinine, urinary β-NAG, plasma and kidney tissue MDA and histomorphological changes were significantly attenuated by Spirulina. In vitro studies using human ovarian cancer cells revealed that Spirulina did not interfere with the cytotoxic effects of CP on tumor cells. Conclusions: In summary, Spirulina significantly protected the CP-induced nephrotoxicity through its antioxidant properties.

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Acknowledgment

We thank M/s Parry Neutraceuticals, Chennai, India for providing the pure powder of Spirulina for our study and Jing Fang for her help in the study with ovarian cancer cells. This work was partially supported by the National Institutes of Health Grant CA-102264.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, 500 082, Hyderabad, India

    Iyyapu Krishna Mohan, Jagdish Chandra Shobha, Madireddy Umamaheswara Rao Naidu & Vijay Kumar Kutala

  2. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 420 West 12th Ave, Room 126, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Mahmood Khan, Periannan Kuppusamy & Vijay Kumar Kutala

  3. Department of Pathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, 500 082, Hyderabad, India

    Aruna Prayag

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  1. Iyyapu Krishna Mohan
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Correspondence to Vijay Kumar Kutala.

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Mohan, I.K., Khan, M., Shobha, J.C. et al. Protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by Spirulina in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 58, 802–808 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-006-0231-8

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