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Impairment of DNA in a Freshwater Gastropod (Lymnea luteola L.) After Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

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Abstract

The apoptotic and genotoxic potential of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) were evaluated in hemocyte cells of freshwater snail Lymnea luteola L. Before evaluation of the toxic potential, mean size of the TiO2NPs was determined using a transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. In this study, L. luteola were exposed to different concentrations of TiO2NPs (28, 56, and 84 μg/ml) over 96 h. Induction of oxidative stress in hemolymph was observed by a decrease in reduced glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase levels at different concentration of TiO2NPs and, in contrast, an increase in malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species levels. Catalase activity was decreased at lower concentrations but increased at greater concentration of TiO2NPs. The extent of DNA fragmentation occurring in L. luteola due to ecotoxic impact TiO2NPs was further substantiated by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay and expressed in terms of % tail DNA and olive tail moment. The alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay for L. luteola clearly shown relatively greater DNA damage at the highest concentration of TiO2NPs.The results indicate that the interaction of TiO2NPs with snail influences toxicity, which is mediated by oxidative stress according dose and in a time-dependent manner. The results of this study showed the importance of a multibiomarker approach for assessing the injurious effects of TiO2NPs to freshwater snail L. luteola, which may be vulnerable due to the continuous discharge of TiO2NPs into the aquatic ecosystems. The measurement of DNA integrity in L. luteola thus provides an early warning signal of contamination of the aquatic ecosystem by TiO2NPs.

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Acknowledgment

The authors their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding this Research group NO (RG -1435-076).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, BOX 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Daoud Ali, Saud Alarifi & Mukhtar Ahmed

  2. Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, MP, India

    Huma Ali

  3. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India

    Sudhir Kumar & M. Serajuddin

  4. Department of Zoology, Shiya P.G. College, Lucknow, India

    Agha P. Mashih

  5. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mujeeb Khan, Syed Farooq Adil & M. R. Shaik

  6. King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Anees A. Ansari

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  1. Daoud Ali
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Correspondence to Daoud Ali.

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Ali, D., Ali, H., Alarifi, S. et al. Impairment of DNA in a Freshwater Gastropod (Lymnea luteola L.) After Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles . Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 68, 543–552 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0132-0

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