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Neuro-oxidative damage and aerobic potential loss of sharks under elevated CO2 and warming

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Abstract

Sharks occupy high trophic levels in marine habitats and play a key role in the structure and function of marine communities. Their populations have been declining worldwide by ≥90 %, and their adaptive potential to future ocean conditions is believed to be limiting. Here we experimentally exposed recently hatched bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) to the combined effects of tropical ocean warming (+4; 30 °C) and acidification (ΔpH 0.5) and investigated the respiratory, neuronal and antioxidant enzymatic machinery responses. Thirty days post-hatching, juvenile sharks revealed a significant decrease in brain aerobic potential (citrate synthase activity), in opposition to the anaerobic capacity (lactate dehydrogenase). Also, an array of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase activity and catalase) acted in concert to detoxify ROS, but this significant upregulation was not enough to minimize the increase in brain’s peroxidative damage and cholinergic neurotransmission. We argue that the future conditions may elicit deleterious deficiencies in sharks’ critical biological processes which, at the long-term, may have detrimental cascading effects at population and ecosystem levels.

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Acknowledgments

INCT-ADAPTA (FAPEAM and CNPQ) supported VMFAV and DC visit to Portugal. The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) supported this study through Programa Investigador FCT 2013—Development Grant, and Project Grant PTDC/AAG-GLO/1926/2014 to R. Rosa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal

    Rui Rosa, José Ricardo Paula, Eduardo Sampaio, Marta Pimentel, Ana R. Lopes, Miguel Baptista, Miguel Guerreiro, Catarina Santos & Tiago Repolho

  2. Laboratory for Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution (LEEM), National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Derek Campos & Vera M.F. Almeida-Val

  3. Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Ricardo Calado

  4. REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    Mário Diniz

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  1. Rui Rosa
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  2. José Ricardo Paula
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  3. Eduardo Sampaio
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  13. Tiago Repolho
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Correspondence to Rui Rosa.

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Rosa, R., Ricardo Paula, J., Sampaio, E. et al. Neuro-oxidative damage and aerobic potential loss of sharks under elevated CO2 and warming. Mar Biol 163, 119 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-016-2898-7

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