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Testing the concurrent validity of a naturalistic upper extremity reaching task

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Abstract

Point-to-point reaching has been widely used to study upper extremity motor control. We have been developing a naturalistic reaching task that adds tool manipulation and object transport to this established paradigm. The purpose of this study was to determine the concurrent validity of a naturalistic reaching task in a sample of healthy adults. This task was compared to the criterion measure of standard point-to-point reaching. Twenty-eight adults performed unconstrained out-and-back movements in three different directions relative to constant start location along midline using their nondominant arm. In the naturalistic task, participants manipulated a tool to transport objects sequentially between physical targets anchored to the planar workspace. In the standard task, participants moved a digital cursor sequentially between virtual targets, veridical to the planar workspace. In both tasks, the primary measure of performance was trial time, which indicated the time to complete 15 reaches (five cycles of three reaches/target). Two other comparator tasks were also designed to test concurrent validity when components of the naturalistic task were added to the standard task. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients indicated minimal relationship between the naturalistic and standard tasks due to differences in progressive task difficulty. Accounting for this yielded a moderate linear relationship, indicating concurrent validity. The comparator tasks were also related to both the standard and naturalistic task. Thus, the principles of motor control and learning that have been established by the wealth of point-to-point reaching studies can still be applied to the naturalistic task to a certain extent.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge those who helped with data collection (JR Pierce and KE Tew). Research reported in this study was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under award number K01AG047926. This work was also supported in part by the Utah State University Office of Research and Graduate Studies (RC #28037) and the Marriner S. Eccles Foundation.

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  1. Motor Rehabilitation and Learning Laboratory, Utah State University, 7000 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA

    S. Y. Schaefer & C. R. Hengge

  2. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA

    S. Y. Schaefer

  3. The Center on Aging, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, AB193 SOM, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA

    S. Y. Schaefer

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Schaefer, S.Y., Hengge, C.R. Testing the concurrent validity of a naturalistic upper extremity reaching task. Exp Brain Res 234, 229–240 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-015-4454-y

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