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Magnetite- and maghemite-induced different toxicity in murine alveolar macrophage cells

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Abstract

The unique properties of nanoparticles and biological systems are important factors affecting the biological response following nanoparticle exposure. Iron oxide nanoparticles are classified mainly as magnetite (M-FeNPs) and maghemite (NM-FeNPs). In our previous study, NM-FeNPs induced autophagic cell death in RAW264.7, a murine peritoneal macrophage cell line, which has excellent lysosomal activity. In this study, we compared the toxicity of M-FeNPs and NM-FeNPs in MH-S, a murine alveolar macrophage cell line, which has relatively low lysosomal activity. At 24 h post-exposure, M-FeNPs decreased cell viability and ATP production, and elevated the levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and pro-inflammatory cytokines to a higher extent than NM-FeNPs. Damage of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum and the down-regulation of mitochondrial function and transcription-related genes were also higher in cells exposed to M-FeNPs than in cells exposed to NM-FeNPs (50 μg/ml). In addition, cells exposed to M-FeNPs (50 μg/ml) showed an increase in the number of autophagosome-like vacuoles, whereas cells exposed to NM-FeNPs formed large vacuoles in the cytosol. However, an autophagy-related molecular response was not induced by exposure to either FeNPs, unlike the results seen in our previous study with RAW264.7 cells. We suggest that M-FeNPs induced higher toxicity compared to NM-FeNPs in MH-S cells, and lysosomal activity plays an important role in determining cell death pathway.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (2011-35B-E00011).

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The authors report no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea

    Eun-Jung Park, Dong-Hyuk Choi, Sang-Wook Kim & Jae-Ho Kim

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Korea

    Ha Nee Umh & Younghun Kim

  3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea

    Myung Haing Cho

  4. Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 404-708, Korea

    Wookhee Choi

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  1. Eun-Jung Park
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  2. Ha Nee Umh
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Correspondence to Eun-Jung Park.

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Park, EJ., Umh, H.N., Choi, DH. et al. Magnetite- and maghemite-induced different toxicity in murine alveolar macrophage cells. Arch Toxicol 88, 1607–1618 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-014-1210-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-014-1210-1

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