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Nrf2-mediated redox signaling in arsenic carcinogenesis: a review

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Abstract

Arsenic is a ubiquitous toxic metalloid whose natural leaching from geogenic resources of earths crust into groundwater has become a dreadful health hazard to millions of people across the globe. Arsenic has been documented as a top most potent human carcinogen by Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. There have been a number of schools of opinions regarding the underlying mechanism of arsenic-induced carcinogenicity, but the theory of oxidative stress generated by arsenic has gained much importance. Imbalance in the cellular redox state and its associated complications have been closely associated with nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that activates the antioxidant responsive element and electrophilic responsive element, thereby upregulating the expression of a variety of downstream genes. This review has been framed on the lines of differential molecular responses of Nrf2 on arsenic exposure as well as the chemopreventive strategy which may be improvised to regulate Nrf2 in order to combat arsenic-induced oxidative stress and its long-term carcinogenic effect.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, West Bengal, India

    Dona Sinha

  2. Clinical and Translational Research, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, West Bengal, India

    Jaydip Biswas

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, 1600 East Hill Street, Signal Hill, CA, 90755, USA

    Anupam Bishayee

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  1. Dona Sinha
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  2. Jaydip Biswas
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  3. Anupam Bishayee
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Correspondence to Dona Sinha or Anupam Bishayee.

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Sinha, D., Biswas, J. & Bishayee, A. Nrf2-mediated redox signaling in arsenic carcinogenesis: a review. Arch Toxicol 87, 383–396 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-012-0920-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-012-0920-5

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