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Automated tetraploid genotype calling by hierarchical clustering

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New software to make tetraploid genotype calls from SNP array data was developed, which uses hierarchical clustering and multiple F1 populations to calibrate the relationship between signal intensity and allele dosage.

Abstract

SNP arrays are transforming breeding and genetics research for autotetraploids. To fully utilize these arrays, the relationship between signal intensity and allele dosage must be calibrated for each marker. We developed an improved computational method to automate this process, which is provided as the R package ClusterCall. In the training phase of the algorithm, hierarchical clustering within an F1 population is used to group samples with similar intensity values, and allele dosages are assigned to clusters based on expected segregation ratios. In the prediction phase, multiple F1 populations and the prediction set are clustered together, and the genotype for each cluster is the mode of the training set samples. A concordance metric, defined as the proportion of training set samples equal to the mode, can be used to eliminate unreliable markers and compare different algorithms. Across three potato families genotyped with an 8K SNP array, ClusterCall scored 5729 markers with at least 0.95 concordance (94.6% of its total), compared to 5325 with the software fitTetra (82.5% of its total). The three families were used to predict genotypes for 5218 SNPs in the SolCAP diversity panel, compared with 3521 SNPs in a previous study in which genotypes were called manually. One of the additional markers produced a significant association for vine maturity near a well-known causal locus on chromosome 5. In conclusion, when multiple F1 populations are available, ClusterCall is an efficient method for accurate, autotetraploid genotype calling that enables the use of SNP data for research and plant breeding.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support was provided by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Award Number 2014-67013-22418 and Hatch Project Number 1002731.

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Correspondence to Jeffrey B. Endelman.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Communicated by Christine A. Hackett.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

SupplementaryMaterial.pdf, Figures S1 through S6 and Table S2 (PDF 845 KB)

AxS_theta.csv, Atlantic x Superior theta values from the 8303 SNP array (CSV 7793 KB)

AxS_r.csv, Atlantic x Superior r values from the 8303 SNP array (CSV 22632 KB)

WxL_theta.csv, Wauseon x Lenape theta values from the 8303 SNP array (CSV 9252 KB)

WxL_r.csv, Wauseon x Lenape r values from the 8303 SNP array for potato (CSV 27005 KB)

RGxP_r.csv, Rio Grande x Premier r values from the 8303 SNP array (CSV 8015 KB)

SolCAP_theta.csv, SolCAP diversity panel (n=187) theta values from the 8303 SNP array (CSV 8952 KB)

RGxP_theta.csv, Rio Grande x Premier theta values from the 8303 SNP array (CSV 7891 KB)

TableS1.csv, Linkage groups for Atlantic x Superior, Wauseon x Lenape, and Rio Grande x Premier (CSV 96 KB)

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Schmitz Carley, C.A., Coombs, J.J., Douches, D.S. et al. Automated tetraploid genotype calling by hierarchical clustering. Theor Appl Genet 130, 717–726 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-016-2845-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-016-2845-5

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