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Beans in Europe: origin and structure of the European landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

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Abstract

This study focuses on the expansion of Phaseolus vulgaris in Europe. The pathways of distribution of beans into and across Europe were very complex, with several introductions from the New World that were combined with direct exchanges between European and other Mediterranean countries. We have analyzed here six chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) loci and two unlinked nuclear loci (for phaseolin types and Pv-shatterproof1). We have assessed the genetic structure and level of diversity of a large collection of European landraces of P. vulgaris (307) in comparison to 94 genotypes from the Americas that are representative of the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools. First, we show that most of the European common bean landraces (67%) are of Andean origin, and that there are no strong differences across European regions for the proportions of the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools. Moreover, cytoplasmic diversity is evenly distributed across European regions. Secondly, the cytoplasmic bottleneck that was due to the introduction of P. vulgaris into the Old World was very weak or nearly absent. This is in contrast to evidence from nuclear analyses that have suggested a bottleneck of greater intensity. Finally, we estimate that a relatively high proportion of the European bean germplasm (about 44%) was derived from hybridization between the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools. Moreover, although hybrids are present everywhere in Europe, they show an uneven distribution, with high frequencies in central Europe, and low frequencies in Spain and Italy. On the basis of these data, we suggest that the entire European continent and not only some of the countries therein can be regarded as a secondary diversification center for P. vulgaris. Finally, we outline the relevance of these inter-gene pool hybrids for plant breeding.

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Acknowledgments

S.A. Angioi and D. Rau made equal contributions to this study, and so should be considered joint first authors. We are grateful to A.H.D. Brown for his suggestions on the statistical analyses of this study and for critical reading of the manuscript. This study was supported by the Italian Government (MIUR) Grant no. # 2005071310, Project PRIN 2005 and constituted part of the PhD thesis of S.A. Angioi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Agronomiche e Genetica Vegetale Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via de Nicola, 07100, Sassari, Italy

    S. A. Angioi, D. Rau & G. Attene

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali e delle Produzioni Vegetali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy

    L. Nanni, E. Bellucci & R. Papa

  3. Dipartimento di Biologia Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy

    G. Logozzo & P. L. Spagnoletti Zeuli

  4. Dipartimento di Biologia Applicata (DBA), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy

    V. Negri

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  1. S. A. Angioi
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  2. D. Rau
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  3. G. Attene
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  4. L. Nanni
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  5. E. Bellucci
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  6. G. Logozzo
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  7. V. Negri
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  8. P. L. Spagnoletti Zeuli
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  9. R. Papa
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Correspondence to R. Papa.

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Communicated by A. Bervillé.

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Angioi, S.A., Rau, D., Attene, G. et al. Beans in Europe: origin and structure of the European landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris L.. Theor Appl Genet 121, 829–843 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1353-2

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