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Synthetic-resin-free wood panel adhesives from mixed low molecular mass lignin and tannin

Kunstharzfreie Klebstoffe für Holzwerkstoffe aus niedermolekularem Lignin und Tannin

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Abstract

Mixed interior wood panel tannin adhesive formulations were developed in which lignin is in considerable proportion, 50%, of the wood panel binder and in which no “fortification” with synthetic resins, such as isocyanates and phenol-formaldehyde resins as used in the past, was necessary to obtain results satisfying relevant standards. A low molecular mass lignin obtained industrially by formic acid/acetic acid pulping of wheat straw was used. Environment-friendly, non-toxic polymeric materials of natural origin constitute up to 94% of the total panel binder. The wood panel itself is constituted of 99.5% natural materials, the 0.5% balance being composed of glyoxal, a non-toxic and non-volatile aldehyde, and of hexamine already accepted as a non-formaldehyde-yielding compound when in presence of condensed tannin. Both particleboard and two types of plywood were shown to pass the relevant interior standards with such adhesive formulations. Moreover, the much cheaper non-purified organosolv lignin showed the same level of results as the more expensive purified type.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurden verschiedene Tannin-Klebstoff-Rezepturen mit einem hohen Ligninanteil von 50% für plattenförmige Holzwerkstoffe für den Innenbereich entwickelt. Dabei konnte auf eine „Verstärkung“ mit Kunstharzen, wie zum Beispiel Isocyanaten und Phenolformaldehyd, wie sie bisher zur Erfüllung der Anforderung relevanter Normen erforderlich war, verzichtet werden. Verwendet wurde ein niedermolekulares Lignin, das industriell durch Ameisensäure-/Essigsäureaufschluss von Weizenstroh gewonnen wurde. Umweltfreundliche, ungiftige polymerische Stoffe natürlichen Ursprungs machen bis zu 94% des gesamten Bindemittels aus. Die Holzplatte selber besteht zu 99,5% aus natürlichen Materialien und zu 0,5% aus Glyoxal, einem nicht toxischen und nicht flüchtigen Aldehyd, sowie aus Hexamin, das in Verbindung mit kondensiertem Tannin als nicht Formaldehyd emittierende Substanz gilt. Es wurde gezeigt, dass sowohl eine Spanplatte als auch zwei Sperrholzarten, die unter Verwendung dieser Rezepturen hergestellt wurden, entsprechende Normen für Platten zur Verwendung im Innenbereich erfüllten. Zudem führte das wesentlich billigere, ungereinigte Organosolv-Lignin zu gleichen Ergebnissen wie der viel teurere, gereinigte Typ.

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Mansouri, H.R., Navarrete, P., Pizzi, A. et al. Synthetic-resin-free wood panel adhesives from mixed low molecular mass lignin and tannin. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 69, 221–229 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0423-0

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