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Prävention der postoperativen Wundinfektion

Zwischen Tradition und Evidenz

Prevention of postoperative surgical site infections

Between tradition and evidence

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Zusammenfassung

Postoperative Wundinfektionen stellen eine relevante Komplikation invasiver Eingriffe dar. Aktuelle europaweit erhobene Prävalenzdaten zeigen für die aus Deutschland teilnehmenden Krankenhäuser (n = 132), dass die postoperative Wundinfektion mit 24,3 % die häufigste nosokomiale Infektionsentität bildet. Dies entspricht einer Punktprävalenz von 1,31 %. Es wird angenommen, dass bei Ausschöpfung sämtlicher infektionspräventiver Maßnahmen etwa 25–33 % aller nosokomialen Infektionen vermeidbar sind. Neuere Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass dieser Anteil für einzelne Infektionsentitäten noch höher sein könnte. Infektionsprävention lässt sich in allgemeine Maßnahmen, die für die Vorbeugung in vielen Bereichen und für viele Infektionsentitäten gültig sind, sowie in spezifische Maßnahmen, bezogen auf krankenhausspezifische Gegebenheiten bzw. eine Infektionsentität, einteilen. Im Folgenden werden verschiedene Hygienemaßnahmen bzw. Empfehlungen hinsichtlich ihrer Zuordnung vorgestellt.

Abstract

Postoperative wound infections represent a relevant complication of invasive interventions. Current European prevalence data show that for participating hospitals from Germany (n = 132) surgical site infections represent the most commonly occurring nosocomial infection with 24.3 %. This corresponds to a point prevalence of 1.31 %. It is assumed that approximately 25–33 % of all infections acquired in hospital could be prevented if all possible precautions would be taken. Recent studies have indicated that this rate might be even higher for individual infection entities. Infection control measures can be divided into general measures, which are valid for prevention in many fields and for many infection entities and into specific precautions related to hospital-specific circumstances or specific infection entities. In this article the various hygiene measures and recommendations are presented with respect to the level of evidence.

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Scheithauer, S., Artelt, T., Bauer, M. et al. Prävention der postoperativen Wundinfektion. Anaesthesist 65, 328–336 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-016-0169-0

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