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Chemical, nutritional and functional characterization of proteins extracted from wild mustard (Brassica campestris, Brassicaceae) seeds from Nuevo Leon, Mexico

Caracterizacion quimica, nutritional y funcional de proteinas extraidas de semillas de mostaza silvestre (Brassica campestris, Brassicaceae) de Nuevo León, Mexico

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Abstract

Cultivated oilseeds are very important sources of protein-rich pastes that are widely used for their nutritional and functional properties in human foods and animal feed. The purpose of this research was to determine the potential of wild Brassica campestris seeds as a source of protein isolates and their characterization. Wild mustard meal contained 33.5% lipids, 26% protein, 13.4% crude fiber, 4.4% ash, 22.6% nitrogen free extract and 4.8% moisture. It contained low levels of phytates (32 mg/100 g) and glucosinolates (0.92%), and the thioglucosidase could be inactivated through heat (90°C/ 18 min) or after extracting the oil with hexane at 80°C: for 2 hr. Dehulled and defatted meal contained 3.8% crude fiber, 7% ash, and 48% protein, with a digestibility of 92.8% and a nutritive value of 98% (relative to casein). Phytate levels increased to 67 mg/100 g and glucosinolates to 2.3%. Protein was extracted from this meal at pH’s between 6 and 11. Maximum yields (>74%) were obtained at pH 7, 7.5 and 8, coinciding with a minimum extraction of phytate (70%). SDS-PAGE electrophoresis identified 12 protein bands with MW between 10 and 74 kDa in these extracts. Protein extracted at pH 7 was precipitated at pH’s between 3.5 and 5.5, with maximum yield at pH 3.5 (53%), but the pH 4 isolate was chosen (yield 36%) since it contained negligible amounts of phytates and no glucosinolates. It contained 93% protein and a nutritive value of 91%, and higher levels of sulphur amino acids and lysine than cereals and legumes. The best functional characteristics were its foaming capacity, foam stability and oil binding capacity (better than soybean isolate).

Résumé

Las oleaginosas cultivadas son fuente importante de pastas ricas en proteína que son ampliamente utilizadas por sus propiedades nutricionales y funcionales en alimentos para humanos y balanceados. El objetivo de esta investigación fue el de determinar el potencial de las semillas de la Brassica campestris silvestre como fuente de aislados proteicos y la caracterización de éstos. La compositión de la harina de mostaza silvestre fue: lípidos 33.5%, proteína 26%, fibra crude 13.4%, ceniza 4.4%, extracto libre de nitrógeno 22.6% y humedad 4.8%. Tuvo un contenido bajo de fitatos (32 mg/ 100 g) y glucosinolatos (0.92%), y la tioglucosidasa pudo inactivarse con color (90°C/18 min) o con la extractión del aceite con hexano a 80C por 2 hr. La composición de la harina descascarada y desgrasada fue: fibra cruda 3.8%, ceniza 7% y proteína 48%, con una digestibilidad de 92.8% y un valor nutritivo de 98% (relativo a la caseína). El nivel defitatos se incrementó a 67 mgl l00g y el de glucosinolatos a 2.3%. Se extrajo la proteína de esta harina a pH’s entre 6 y 11. Los rendimientos máximos (>74%) se obtuvieron a pH 7, 7.5 and 8, coincidiendo con la extractión mínima defitato (70%). Por medio de una electroforesis SDS-PAGE se identificaron 12 bands de proteína con PM entre 10 y 74 kDa en estos extractos. La proteína extaica a pH 7 se precipitó a pH’s entre 3.5 y 5.5, con un máximo rendimiento a pH 3.5 (53%), pero se escogió el aislado a pH 4 (rendimento de36%) ya que contenía cantidades traza defitatos y glucosinolatos. El aislado contenía 93% de proteína y un valor nutritivo de 91%, y niveles más altos de aminoácidos azufrados y lisina que cereales and leguminosas. La mejores características funcionales fueron la capacidad espumante, estabilidad de la espuma y capacidad de atado de aceite (mejor que los aislados de soya).

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ALanís-Guzmán, M.G., Wesche-Ebeling, P. & Maiti, R. Chemical, nutritional and functional characterization of proteins extracted from wild mustard (Brassica campestris, Brassicaceae) seeds from Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Econ Bot 49, 260–268 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02862345

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