Skip to main content
Log in

Arterial and neural relations at the posterior and lateral aspects of the medullo-spinal junction

Rapports artériels et nerveux des faces postérieure et latérale de la jonction médullo-spinale. Anatomie microchirurgicale (50 dissections)

  • Original Articles
  • Published:
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The authors report the results of a series of 59 microdissections of the region of the foramen magnum. These dissections were made under the strict conditions of a surgical approach using an operating microscope. The major anatomic structures of the medullo-spinal junction are arranged mainly at its lateral aspect. The customary surgical approaches to the posterior cranial fossa give ready access to the cerebello-and latero-medullary cisterns. The description of the neurovascular structures contained therein assumes a particular importance because of the relative frequency of lesions developing at this level. This study deals particularly with the vertebral a. (VA), the inferior posterior cerebellar a. (IPCA), the cranial nn. IX (glossopharyngeal n.), X (vagus n.), XIc and XIs (cranial and spinal accessory n.) and XII (hypoglossal n.). The anatomy of this posterior and lateral region is characterised by the contrast between the relatively uniform course of the VA and the variable course of the IPCA, a true guideline whose very irregular arrangement accounts for the diversity of its relations with the last four cranial nn.

Résumé

Les auteurs présentent les résultats d'une série de 50 microdissections de la région du foramen magnum. Ces dissections ont été réalisées dans les conditions strictes d'un abord chirurgical sous microscope opératoire. Les éléments anatomiques importants de la jonction médullo-spinale se disposent principalement à sa face latérale. Par les voies d'abord chirurgicales usuelles de la fosse crânienne postérieure, on accède assez facilement aux citernes cérébello-et latéro-médullaires. La description des éléments vasculo-nerveux qui y sont contenus revêt une importance particulière en raison de la relative fréquence des lésions développées à ce niveau. Ce travail étudie tout particulièrement l'artère vertébrale (AV), l'a. cérébelleuse postérieure et inférieure (ACPI), les nn. crâniens IX (n. glosso-pharyngien), X (n. vague), XIc et XIs (n. accessoires parties craniale et spinale), XII (n. hypoglosse). L'anatomie de cette région postérieure et latérale de la jonction médullo-spinale est caractérisée par l'opposition entre la relative uniformité du trajet de l'AV et la variabilité de celui de l'ACPI, véritable fil conducteur dont la disposition très irrégulière explique la diversité des rapports avec les quatre derniers nn. crâniens.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akar ZC, Dujovny M, Slavin KV, Gomez-Tortosa E, Ausman JI (1994) Microsurgical anatomy of the intracranial part of the vertebral artery. Neurol Res 16: 171–180

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ausman JI, Diaz FG, Sadavisan B (1987) Extracranial — intracranial bypass surgery. In: Suzuki J (ed) Advances in surgery for cerebral stroke. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, pp 161–164

    Google Scholar 

  3. Baldwin HZ, Miller CG, van Loveren HR, Keller JT (1994) The far lateral combined supra and infratentorial approach. A human cadaveric prosection model for routes of access to the petroclival region and ventral brainstem. J Neurosurg 81: 60–68

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bertalanffy H, Seeger W (1991) The dorsolateral, suboccipital, transcondylar approach to the lower clivus and anterior portion of the craniocervical junction. Neurosurgery 29: 815–821

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bracard S, Roland J, Picard L (1990) Les Vaisseaux du névraxe: anatomie et pathologie. Livre 1: Variations des artères de l'encéphale (Tome 2). Documentation scientifique. Laboratoire Guerbet, Aulnay sous Bois (France), pp 89–133

  6. Caro de R, Parenti A, Munari PF (1995) Course of the caudal hypoglossal rootlet through the vertebral artery. J Anat 187: 499–501

    Google Scholar 

  7. Duvernoy HM (1978) Human brainstem vessels. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  8. Francke JP, Di Marino V, Pannier M, Argenson C, Libersa C (1980) Les artères vertébrales; segments atlanto-axoïdien (V3) et intracrânien (V4); collatérales. Anatomia Clinica 2: 229–242

    Google Scholar 

  9. Frankhauser H, Kamano S, Hanamura T, Amano K, Hatanaka H (1979) Abnormal origin of the postero-inferior cerebellar artery. J Neurosurg 51: 569–571

    Google Scholar 

  10. Fujii K, Lenkey C, Rhoton AL (1980) Microsurgical anatomy of the choroïdal arteries. J Neurosurg 52: 504–524

    Google Scholar 

  11. George B, Lot G, Velut S, Gelbert F, Mourier KL (1993) Les tumeurs du foramen magnum. Neurochirurgie 39 [Suppl 1]: 1–89

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hagenah R, Kosak M, Freckmann N (1983) Anatomic topographical relationship of the intraspinal accessory root to the upper cervical roots and to the vessels of the cranial cervical region. Acta Anat 115: 158–167

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hakuba A, Hashi K, Fujitani K, Ikuno H, Nakamura T, Inoue Y (1979) Jugular foramen neurinomas. Surg Neurol 11: 83–84

    Google Scholar 

  14. Heros RC (1986) Lateral suboccipital approach for vertebral and vertebrobasilar artery lesions. J Neurosurg 64: 559–562

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jelicic N, Dragani V, Jovanovic S (1985) L'artère cérébelleuse postéro-inferieure. Acta Anat (Basel) 121: 179–183

    Google Scholar 

  16. Koperna T, Kopriva G (1991) Anatomische Aspekte der Arteria inferior posterior cerebelli für die Chirurgie der hinteren Schädelgrube. Acta Anat, (Basel) 141: 233–238

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lang J (1990) About a very rare variation of the course and width of the vertebral arteries and hypoglossal nerve. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 106: 73–77

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lang J (1991) Contents of the posterior cranial fossa. In: Lang J (ed) Clinical anatomy of the posterior cranial fossa and its foramina. Thieme, New York, pp 16–44

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lasjaunias P, Berenstein A (1990) Surgical Neuro-angiography. Pt 3 Functional vascular anatomy of brain, spinal cord and spine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lazorthes G, Gouazé A (1976) Vascularisation et circulation de l'encéphale. Masson, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lazorthes G, Poulhes J, Espagno J (1950) Les artères du cervelet. CR Ass Anat 37: 279–288

    Google Scholar 

  22. Lister JR, Rhoton AL (1982) Microsurgical anatomy of the postero-inferior cerebellar artery. Neurosurgery 10: 170–199

    Google Scholar 

  23. Mahmood A, Dujovny M, Torche M, Dragovic L, Ausman JI (1991) Microvascular anatomy of foramen caecum medullae oblongatae. J Neurosurg 75: 299–304

    Google Scholar 

  24. Maillot C, Koritke JG (1970) Les origines du tronc artériel spinal postérieur chez l'homme. Bull Ass Anat 149: 837–847

    Google Scholar 

  25. Maillot C, Koritke JG, Laude M (1976) La vascularisation de la toile choroïdienne inférieure chez l'homme. Arch Anat Histol Embryol 59: 33–70

    Google Scholar 

  26. Margolis MT, Newton TH (1972) Borderlands of the normal and abnormal posteroinferior cerebellar artery. Acta Radiol Diagn 13: 163–176

    Google Scholar 

  27. Margolis MT, Newton TH (1971) The postero-inferior cerebellar artery. Neuroradiology 2: 3–8

    Google Scholar 

  28. Marini de Araujo Abreu MM (1970) Vascularizaçâo arterial do cerebelo. A fluxo extracerebeloso. Folia Anat Univ Conimbrigensis Coimbra 50: 1–57

    Google Scholar 

  29. Murali R, Chandy MJ, Rajshekhar V (1991) Neurovascular relationships of the root entry zone of lower cranial nerves: a microsurgical anatomic study in fresh cadavers. Br J Neurosurg 5: 349–356

    Google Scholar 

  30. Oliveira de E, Rhoton AL Jr, Peace D (1985) Microsurgical anatomy of the region of the foramen magnum. Surg Neurol 24: 293–352

    Google Scholar 

  31. Pensak ML, van Loveren H, Tew JM Jr (1989) The surgical anatomy and approaches to lesions of the lower basilar artery and vertebral artery union. Am J Otol 10: 351–357

    Google Scholar 

  32. Pritz MB (1991) Evaluation and treatment of intra-dural tumours located anterior to the cervicomedullary junction by a lateral suboccipital approach. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 113: 74–81

    Google Scholar 

  33. Rhoton AL (1975) Microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen. J Neurosurg 42, 541–550

    Google Scholar 

  34. Rhoton AL (1979) Microsurgical anatomy of the posterior fossa cranial nerves. Clin Neurosurg 26: 398–462

    Google Scholar 

  35. Salamon G (1967) Repères fixes du système vertébro-basilaire. Ann Radiol 10: 765–780

    Google Scholar 

  36. Salamon G, Huang YP (1976) Radiologic anatomy of the brain. Springer-Verlag, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  37. Saleh E, Naguib M, Aristegui M, Cokkeser Y, Sanna M (1995) Lower skull base: anatomic study with surgical implications. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 104: 57–61

    Google Scholar 

  38. Schwaber MK, Netterville JL, Maciunas R (1990) Microsurgical anatomy of the lower skull base: a morphometric analysis. Am J Otol 11: 401–405

    Google Scholar 

  39. Scialfa G, Bank W, Mégret M, Corbaz JM, Salamon G (1976) The arteries of the roof of the fourth ventricle. Neuroradiology 11: 67–71

    Google Scholar 

  40. Sen CN, Sekhar LN (1990) An extreme lateral approach to intradural lesions of the cervical spine and foramen magnum. Neurosurgery 27: 197–204

    Google Scholar 

  41. Shrontz C, Dujovny M, Aussman JI, Diaz FG (1986) Surgical anatomy of the arteries of the posterior fossa. J Neurosurg 65: 540–544

    Google Scholar 

  42. Smith PG, Backer RJ, Kletzker GR, Mishler ET (1995) Surgical management of transcranial hypoglossal schwannomas. Am J Otol 16: 451–456

    Google Scholar 

  43. Spetzler RF, Grahm TW (1990) The far lateral approach to the inferior clivus and upper cervical region: technical note. Barrow Neurol Inst Quart 6: 35–38

    Google Scholar 

  44. Stopford JSB (1916) The arteries of the pons and medulla oblongata. J Anat Physiol 50: 131–164

    Google Scholar 

  45. Tatu L, Moulin T, Bogousslavsky J, Duvernoy H (1996) Arterial territories of human brain: brainstem and cerebellum. Neurology 47: 1125–1135

    Google Scholar 

  46. Vallée B, Person H, Scarabin JM, Besson G, Mimassi N, Nguyen Huu (1982) Anatomie microchirurgicale du tronc de l'artère cérébelleuse postéro-inférieure. Neurochirurgie 28: 383–389

    Google Scholar 

  47. Vallée B, Besson G, Houidi K Person H (1993) L'extension latérale juxta-ou transcondylienne de la voie sous-occipitale postérieure. Étude anatomique, intérêt chirurgical. Neurochirurgie 39: 348–359

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Person, H., Vallée, B., Lefèvre, C. et al. Arterial and neural relations at the posterior and lateral aspects of the medullo-spinal junction. Surg Radiol Anat 20, 177–184 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01628892

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01628892

Key words

Navigation